Our Summary

This paper reviews the development of artificial intelligence in robotic surgery. Traditional surgical robots work by mimicking the movements of a surgeon’s hands. The next generation of these robots will be able to follow a personalized surgical plan made before the operation, using 3D digital mapping. Recent advancements in cloud computing, data analytics, and artificial intelligence have led to more research into smart robots. Using the success of deep learning as a guide, several surgical companies are partnering with tech companies to create intelligent surgical robots. However, despite the growth in autonomous robotics, their use in actual surgeries is still a challenge. The paper suggests that surgeons should be more involved in the development of these advanced robotic surgeries.

FAQs

  1. How does traditional surgical robots work?
  2. What advancements have led to more research into smart robots?
  3. What are the challenges in using autonomous robotics in actual surgeries?

Doctor’s Tip

One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about robotic surgery is to make sure to follow all pre-operative instructions carefully to ensure the best possible outcome. This may include avoiding certain medications, fasting before the surgery, and following any other specific guidelines provided by the surgical team. Additionally, it is important to communicate openly with the surgical team about any concerns or questions you may have before the procedure.

Suitable For

Patients who are recommended for robotic surgery typically include those with conditions that require precise and minimally invasive procedures, such as:

  1. Prostate cancer: Robotic surgery is commonly used for prostatectomies as it allows for better precision and control in removing the cancerous tissue while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

  2. Gynecological conditions: Robotic surgery is often recommended for procedures such as hysterectomies or myomectomies for conditions like fibroids or endometriosis. It allows for smaller incisions, less pain, and quicker recovery times compared to traditional surgery.

  3. Colorectal conditions: Robotic surgery can be used for procedures such as colectomies or rectal resections for conditions like colon cancer or diverticulitis. It allows for better visualization and precision in removing diseased tissue.

  4. Cardiac conditions: Robotic surgery can be used for procedures such as mitral valve repair or coronary artery bypass surgery. It allows for more precise movements in delicate areas of the heart.

  5. Urological conditions: Robotic surgery can be used for procedures such as nephrectomies or pyeloplasties for conditions like kidney stones or urinary blockages. It allows for more precise movements in tight spaces.

Overall, patients who are recommended for robotic surgery are those who can benefit from the increased precision, smaller incisions, and faster recovery times that robotic technology can provide. It is important for patients to discuss with their healthcare provider to determine if robotic surgery is the best option for their specific condition.

Timeline

Before robotic surgery:

  1. Patient meets with their healthcare provider to discuss treatment options and determine if robotic surgery is the best option for their condition.
  2. Patient undergoes pre-operative testing and evaluation to ensure they are a suitable candidate for robotic surgery.
  3. Surgical team creates a personalized surgical plan using 3D digital mapping technology.
  4. Patient receives information about the procedure, including risks and benefits, and gives consent for surgery.

After robotic surgery:

  1. Patient undergoes the robotic surgery procedure, which is performed by the surgical team with the assistance of the robotic system.
  2. Patient is closely monitored during the recovery period in the hospital or outpatient facility.
  3. Patient may experience less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery compared to traditional surgery.
  4. Patient follows post-operative instructions provided by their healthcare provider to ensure proper healing and minimize complications.
  5. Patient attends follow-up appointments to monitor their progress and address any concerns or issues that may arise.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. How experienced are you in performing robotic surgery?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with robotic surgery?
  3. How does robotic surgery compare to traditional surgery in terms of recovery time and outcomes?
  4. Will I have a say in the personalized surgical plan created before the operation?
  5. Can you explain how the 3D digital mapping technology will be used during my surgery?
  6. Will there be a human surgeon present during the robotic surgery, and what is their role?
  7. How will the robot be controlled during the surgery, and what measures are in place in case of any technical issues?
  8. How many robotic surgeries have you performed, and what is your success rate?
  9. Are there any specific pre-operative preparations or restrictions I should be aware of for robotic surgery?
  10. What is the follow-up care plan after robotic surgery, and what should I expect during the recovery process?

Reference

Authors: Bhandari M, Zeffiro T, Reddiboina M. Journal: Curr Opin Urol. 2020 Jan;30(1):48-54. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000692. PMID: 31724999