Our Summary

This research paper questions the assumption that plastic surgery originated in the British Empire, citing the contributions of several German surgeons who pioneered the field before Sir Harold Gillies, who is often attributed as the founder of modern plastic surgery. The paper references Karl Ferdinand von Gräefe, who in 1818 published “Rhinoplastik” and coined the term plastic surgery. It also mentions Eduard Zeis, who in 1838 published a textbook on plastic surgery, defining its meaning based on extensive references. The paper argues that many pioneering developments in plastic surgery actually took place in the early 20th century, particularly during World War I, and were carried out by surgeons outside the British Empire. Despite Gillies’ significant achievements, the researchers argue that his work was equalled and even surpassed by these other surgeons.

FAQs

  1. Who is often attributed as the founder of modern plastic surgery?
  2. What contributions did Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe and Eduard Zeis make to the field of plastic surgery?
  3. According to the research paper, when did many of the pioneering developments in plastic surgery take place and who carried them out?

Doctor’s Tip

A doctor might tell a patient considering reconstructive surgery to carefully research and choose a highly skilled and experienced surgeon who specializes in the specific procedure they are interested in. It is important for the patient to have a clear understanding of the risks, benefits, and potential outcomes of the surgery before making a decision. The doctor may also recommend discussing their goals and expectations with the surgeon to ensure they are on the same page and have realistic expectations for the results of the surgery.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended for reconstructive surgery include those who have suffered from physical trauma, such as burns, accidents, or injuries that have resulted in deformities or functional impairments. Additionally, individuals with congenital conditions, such as cleft lip and palate, or those who have undergone cancer treatment and require reconstruction post-surgery may also be recommended for reconstructive surgery. Patients with aesthetic concerns, such as those seeking breast reconstruction after mastectomy, may also be candidates for reconstructive surgery. Ultimately, reconstructive surgery aims to restore form and function to improve the quality of life for patients.

Timeline

Before reconstructive surgery:

  1. Patient consults with a plastic surgeon to discuss their concerns and desired outcomes.
  2. Patient undergoes a thorough physical examination and medical history review to determine if they are a suitable candidate for surgery.
  3. Surgical plan is developed, including the specific procedures to be performed and potential risks and complications.
  4. Patient may undergo pre-operative testing and preparation, such as blood work and imaging studies.
  5. Consent forms are signed, and anesthesia options are discussed.
  6. Surgery is scheduled, and patient receives instructions on pre-operative care and what to expect on the day of surgery.

After reconstructive surgery:

  1. Patient wakes up from surgery in a recovery area and is closely monitored by medical staff.
  2. Pain management and wound care are provided to ensure a comfortable and speedy recovery.
  3. Patient may need to stay in the hospital for a period of time, depending on the extent of the surgery and their individual health needs.
  4. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor healing progress and address any concerns.
  5. Physical therapy or rehabilitation may be recommended to help regain strength and mobility.
  6. Patient gradually resumes normal activities and sees the final results of the surgery as swelling and bruising subside.
  7. Patient continues to follow up with their plastic surgeon for long-term monitoring and maintenance of the surgical results.

What to Ask Your Doctor

Some questions a patient should ask their doctor about reconstructive surgery include:

  1. What are the different options available for my specific condition or desired outcome?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with the surgery?
  3. What is the recovery process like, and how long can I expect it to take?
  4. How many procedures of this type have you performed, and what is your success rate?
  5. Will I need follow-up appointments or additional treatments after the surgery?
  6. What are the expected results, and are there any limitations to what can be achieved?
  7. Are there any alternative treatments or procedures that could be considered?
  8. What type of anesthesia will be used during the surgery, and what are the potential side effects?
  9. How much will the surgery cost, and will it be covered by insurance?
  10. Can I see before and after photos of previous patients who have undergone similar procedures?

Reference

Authors: Al-Benna S, Bruce-Chwatt A, Gohritz A. Journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2020 Nov;73(11):2086-2102. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.095. Epub 2020 Sep 16. PMID: 32952058