Our Summary

This study focused on the long-term results of a specific type of nipple reconstruction surgery, called the Clover Flap (C-F) technique. This technique is used after a woman has had a mastectomy (breast removal) and breast reconstruction. The researchers wanted to see how well this technique maintains the appearance of the nipple over time, specifically its projection (how much it sticks out).

The study included 275 patients who had this type of nipple reconstruction between 2012 and 2019. The researchers measured the projection of the reconstructed nipple each year for five years after the surgery.

The findings showed that over time, the projection of the nipple gradually decreased, with the average rates ranging from 47.1% in the first year to 33.5% in the fifth year. However, certain factors helped to maintain the nipple projection. These included creating a healthy skin flap, placing the flap away from the mastectomy scar, using a specific surgical technique that involves an angled scar on the side of the nipple, and including the right amount of fat tissue inside the reconstructed nipple.

The researchers concluded that the Clover Flap technique results in excellent long-term outcomes for nipple reconstruction after a mastectomy and breast reconstruction.

FAQs

  1. What is the Clover Flap technique in nipple reconstruction surgery?
  2. How does the projection of the reconstructed nipple change over time according to the study?
  3. What factors can help maintain the projection of the reconstructed nipple after surgery?

Doctor’s Tip

One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about nipple reconstruction is to follow post-operative care instructions carefully to optimize the long-term appearance of the reconstructed nipple. This may include avoiding activities that could put pressure or strain on the nipple area, maintaining good overall health to promote proper healing, and attending follow-up appointments with your surgeon to monitor the results and address any concerns promptly. Additionally, incorporating scar care techniques, such as massaging the area with a silicone gel or tape, can help improve the appearance of the scar and surrounding tissue over time.

Suitable For

Patients who have undergone a mastectomy and breast reconstruction are typically recommended for nipple reconstruction, especially if they desire a more natural appearance and feel to their breasts. Nipple reconstruction can help restore symmetry and improve the overall aesthetic outcome of the breast reconstruction surgery. The Clover Flap technique, as studied in this research, is particularly suitable for patients who have undergone a mastectomy and desire a long-lasting and aesthetically pleasing nipple reconstruction.

Timeline

Before nipple reconstruction:

  1. Patient undergoes mastectomy (breast removal) as part of breast cancer treatment.
  2. Patient undergoes breast reconstruction surgery to restore the shape of the breast.
  3. Patient decides to undergo nipple reconstruction to restore the appearance of the nipple.

After nipple reconstruction:

  1. Patient undergoes the Clover Flap (C-F) technique for nipple reconstruction.
  2. The projection of the reconstructed nipple is measured each year for five years.
  3. Over time, the nipple projection gradually decreases, but certain factors help maintain it.
  4. Factors such as creating a healthy skin flap, placing the flap away from the mastectomy scar, using a specific surgical technique, and including the right amount of fat tissue inside the reconstructed nipple help maintain nipple projection.
  5. The Clover Flap technique results in excellent long-term outcomes for nipple reconstruction after mastectomy and breast reconstruction.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the potential risks and complications associated with nipple reconstruction using the Clover Flap technique?

  2. How long is the recovery period following nipple reconstruction surgery, and what can I expect during the healing process?

  3. Will I need additional surgeries or touch-up procedures in the future to maintain the appearance of the reconstructed nipple?

  4. Can you provide me with before-and-after photos of patients who have undergone nipple reconstruction using the Clover Flap technique?

  5. Are there any lifestyle changes or precautions I should take to ensure the long-term success of my nipple reconstruction surgery?

  6. Will I still be able to breastfeed or experience sensation in the reconstructed nipple after surgery?

  7. How often will I need to follow up with you for monitoring and maintenance of the reconstructed nipple over time?

  8. Are there any specific post-operative care instructions or products that can help enhance the appearance of the reconstructed nipple?

  9. How does the Clover Flap technique compare to other nipple reconstruction methods in terms of longevity and aesthetic outcomes?

  10. Are there any factors, such as weight fluctuations or aging, that could affect the long-term projection and appearance of the reconstructed nipple?

Reference

Authors: Komiya T, Iwahira Y, Ishikawa T, Matsumura H. Journal: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2021 Aug;45(4):1487-1494. doi: 10.1007/s00266-021-02170-1. Epub 2021 Mar 8. PMID: 33683384