Our Summary

This research paper describes a new method for reconstructing the nipple after breast surgery, such as a mastectomy. The technique, called the modified S-flap, involves making an S-shaped cut and then moving the flap of skin to create a new nipple. Extra tissue is also added at the base of the nipple for support and to reduce the chance of the nipple shrinking over time. The method was tested on 16 patients, and the results were very promising - the new nipples remained stable in size and shape for at least six months, and the patients were generally very happy with how they looked. The researchers conclude that the modified S-flap is a reliable technique for nipple reconstruction. The study’s evidence level is IV, meaning it’s a case series report, which is a descriptive study involving a collection of case reports on patients who all received the same treatment.

FAQs

  1. What is the modified S-flap technique for nipple reconstruction?
  2. How successful was the modified S-flap technique in maintaining the size and shape of the nipple over time, based on the study?
  3. What does the evidence level IV mean in the context of this research?

Doctor’s Tip

A doctor may tell a patient undergoing nipple reconstruction to follow all post-operative care instructions closely, including keeping the area clean and dry, avoiding strenuous activities that could put pressure on the newly reconstructed nipple, and attending all follow-up appointments to monitor healing progress. It is also important to discuss any concerns or questions with the doctor or plastic surgeon to ensure the best possible outcome.

Suitable For

Patients who have undergone a mastectomy or other breast surgery that has resulted in the loss of a nipple are typically recommended for nipple reconstruction. This procedure is often performed as part of breast reconstruction surgery to restore the appearance of the breast and improve the patient’s overall satisfaction with their body image. Nipple reconstruction may be recommended for patients who have completed their breast cancer treatment and are looking to restore a sense of normalcy to their bodies. It is important for patients to discuss their options with their plastic surgeon to determine if nipple reconstruction is the right choice for them.

Timeline

Before nipple reconstruction:

  1. Patient undergoes mastectomy or breast surgery, resulting in the loss of the nipple.
  2. Patient may experience emotional distress and body image issues due to the loss of the nipple.
  3. Patient discusses options for nipple reconstruction with their plastic surgeon.
  4. Plastic surgeon evaluates the patient’s individual needs and determines if they are a candidate for nipple reconstruction.

After nipple reconstruction:

  1. Patient undergoes the modified S-flap nipple reconstruction procedure.
  2. Patient experiences some discomfort and swelling in the days following the procedure.
  3. The new nipple stabilizes in size and shape over the course of six months.
  4. Patient is generally satisfied with the results of the nipple reconstruction.
  5. Patient may undergo additional touch-up procedures if necessary to further refine the appearance of the reconstructed nipple.
  6. Patient experiences improved body image and self-confidence following the successful nipple reconstruction.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the potential risks and complications associated with nipple reconstruction using the modified S-flap technique?
  2. How long is the recovery period after nipple reconstruction surgery?
  3. Will I need to undergo any additional surgeries or procedures to achieve the desired outcome?
  4. What are the expected outcomes in terms of nipple appearance and sensation?
  5. How soon after breast surgery can I undergo nipple reconstruction?
  6. Will I need to follow any specific post-operative care instructions to ensure successful healing?
  7. Are there any alternative nipple reconstruction techniques that I should consider?
  8. How long do the results of nipple reconstruction typically last?
  9. Will insurance cover the cost of nipple reconstruction surgery?
  10. Can you provide before and after photos of previous patients who have undergone nipple reconstruction using the modified S-flap technique?

Reference

Authors: Feng S, Zhang B, Kappos EA, Tremp M, Yang C. Journal: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2017 Apr;41(2):312-317. doi: 10.1007/s00266-017-0789-z. Epub 2017 Feb 23. PMID: 28233130