Our Summary
The World Health Organization has warned about the dangers of overusing antibiotics, as it is causing some bacteria to become resistant to these drugs. This research paper looks at the bacteria present on the surface of the eye, and how it responds to a specific class of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones.
The researchers found that even after just three weeks of using a fluoroquinolone antibiotic called levofloxacin, bacteria on the eye surface began to develop resistance. If levofloxacin was used for a month as a preventative measure after cataract surgery, the variety of bacteria on the eye surface decreased, and those that remained were resistant to the antibiotic. It took six to nine months for the bacteria to return to their original, antibiotic-sensitive state. However, if levofloxacin was only used for a week after surgery, the bacteria recovered more quickly.
The scientists also found that if eye drops containing a preservative called benzalkonium chloride were used for a long time, bacteria on the eye surface became more frequently resistant to methicillin and fluoroquinolones.
These findings suggest that using antibiotics for shorter periods of time after surgery, and considering the type of preservatives used in eye drops, could help prevent bacteria on the eye surface from becoming antibiotic-resistant. The researchers call for more discussions around the correct use of antibiotics and preservatives in eye care.
FAQs
- What happens when fluoroquinolone antibiotics are overused on the eye surface?
- How long does it take for the bacteria on the eye surface to return to their antibiotic-sensitive state after using levofloxacin?
- What impact does the preservative benzalkonium chloride have on bacteria resistance in the eye?
Doctor’s Tip
One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about ocular surgery is to follow the prescribed antibiotic regimen exactly as directed. It is important to finish the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve, to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Additionally, it is important to discuss any concerns or questions about antibiotic use with your doctor to ensure the best possible outcome.
Suitable For
Patients who are typically recommended ocular surgery include those with conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, refractive errors, and other eye disorders that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. Patients who have experienced trauma to the eye or have a tumor in or around the eye may also be candidates for ocular surgery.
It is important for patients undergoing ocular surgery to follow their doctor’s instructions regarding antibiotic use post-surgery to prevent infection. Based on the research mentioned above, it may be beneficial for patients to only use antibiotics for a shorter period of time after surgery to reduce the risk of bacteria developing resistance. Additionally, considering the type of preservatives in eye drops may also play a role in preventing antibiotic resistance. Patients should discuss these findings with their eye care provider to ensure they are receiving the most appropriate treatment for their individual needs.
Timeline
Before ocular surgery, a patient will typically undergo a consultation with their eye surgeon to discuss the procedure and address any concerns or questions. They may also undergo pre-operative testing to assess their overall eye health and determine the best course of treatment.
During the surgery itself, the patient will be given anesthesia to numb the eye and prevent any pain or discomfort. The procedure will then be performed by the surgeon, whether it be cataract surgery, LASIK, or another type of ocular surgery.
After the surgery, the patient will typically experience some discomfort and may be given prescription eye drops or medication to help with pain or inflammation. They will also be advised on how to care for their eyes post-surgery, including avoiding rubbing or touching the eyes, wearing protective eyewear, and attending follow-up appointments with their surgeon.
In the weeks and months following ocular surgery, the patient will gradually experience improvements in their vision as the eyes heal. They may need to continue using prescription eye drops or medication for a period of time to aid in the healing process.
Overall, the timeline for a patient before and after ocular surgery involves preparation, the surgery itself, post-operative care, and follow-up appointments to ensure the best possible outcome for their vision.
What to Ask Your Doctor
Some questions a patient should ask their doctor about ocular surgery in light of this research include:
- How long will I need to use antibiotic eye drops after surgery, and what type of antibiotic will be used?
- Are there any alternatives to using antibiotic eye drops, or ways to minimize the use of antibiotics to prevent resistance?
- Will the eye drops contain benzalkonium chloride as a preservative, and if so, what are the potential risks associated with long-term use?
- How often should I follow up with my doctor after surgery to monitor for any signs of infection or antibiotic resistance?
- Are there any specific precautions I should take to reduce the risk of developing antibiotic-resistant bacteria on my eye surface?
- Can you provide more information on the potential risks and benefits of using antibiotics and preservatives in eye care, particularly in light of the increasing concern about antibiotic resistance?
Reference
Authors: Iwasaki T, Nejima R, Miyata K. Journal: Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2022 Mar;66(2):111-118. doi: 10.1007/s10384-021-00899-5. Epub 2022 Jan 10. PMID: 35006494