Our Summary

This research paper is a review of the latest improvements in screening for diabetic retinopathy, a condition that can lead to blindness if not treated. The authors explore the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in these screenings, specifically machine learning and deep learning, which are subtypes of AI. These techniques are being used more and more in areas that we used to think only humans could do, including in eye health.

Studies globally have shown that AI systems can perform as well as human experts in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy. However, these tools have not been widely tested in clinical trials yet. The authors suggest that, given how quickly AI technology is progressing, using deep learning systems in routine screenings for diabetic retinopathy could be a cost-effective way to reduce preventable blindness around the world.

FAQs

  1. What are some of the latest improvements in screening for diabetic retinopathy?
  2. How is artificial intelligence being used in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy?
  3. Has the use of AI systems been widely tested in clinical trials for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy?

Doctor’s Tip

One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about ocular surgery is to follow all pre-operative and post-operative instructions carefully. This includes avoiding rubbing or touching the eyes, using prescribed eye drops as directed, and attending follow-up appointments to monitor healing and ensure the best possible outcome. It is also important to communicate any concerns or changes in vision to your doctor promptly.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended ocular surgery include those with:

  1. Cataracts: Cataract surgery is one of the most common types of ocular surgery and is recommended for patients with clouded lenses that cause blurry vision.

  2. Glaucoma: Patients with advanced glaucoma may require surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve.

  3. Retinal detachment: Patients with a detached retina may require surgery to reattach the retina and restore vision.

  4. Macular degeneration: Patients with advanced macular degeneration may benefit from surgery to implant a device that can help improve central vision.

  5. Refractive errors: Patients with refractive errors such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism may opt for corrective eye surgery such as LASIK or PRK.

  6. Corneal conditions: Patients with corneal conditions such as keratoconus or corneal scarring may require corneal transplant surgery.

  7. Eye injuries: Patients with severe eye injuries may require surgery to repair damage to the eye and restore vision.

It is important for patients to consult with an ophthalmologist to determine if they are a candidate for ocular surgery and to discuss the potential risks and benefits of the procedure.

Timeline

Before ocular surgery:

  1. Patient consults with an ophthalmologist to discuss the need for surgery and explore treatment options.
  2. Patient undergoes pre-operative testing and evaluations to ensure they are a suitable candidate for surgery.
  3. Patient receives instructions on how to prepare for the surgery, such as fasting before the procedure.
  4. Surgery date is scheduled and patient is given information on what to expect during and after the procedure.

After ocular surgery:

  1. Patient undergoes the surgical procedure, which may involve the use of local or general anesthesia.
  2. Patient is monitored in a recovery area immediately after surgery to ensure there are no complications.
  3. Patient may experience some discomfort, blurry vision, or sensitivity to light in the days following surgery.
  4. Patient follows post-operative instructions provided by the ophthalmologist, which may include using eye drops, wearing a protective shield, and avoiding strenuous activities.
  5. Patient attends follow-up appointments with the ophthalmologist to monitor healing progress and address any concerns.
  6. Over time, the patient’s vision gradually improves as the eye heals from the surgery.

What to Ask Your Doctor

Some questions a patient should ask their doctor about ocular surgery include:

  1. What specific type of ocular surgery do you recommend for my condition?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with this surgery?
  3. How long is the recovery period, and what can I expect during the recovery process?
  4. Are there any alternative treatments or options to consider before proceeding with surgery?
  5. How many times have you performed this type of surgery, and what is your success rate?
  6. Will I need any special post-operative care or follow-up appointments?
  7. Are there any lifestyle changes or precautions I should take after the surgery?
  8. What is the expected outcome of the surgery in terms of improving my vision or addressing my eye condition?
  9. How will the use of AI technology, such as machine learning and deep learning, impact my surgical procedure or post-operative care?
  10. Can you provide me with more information or resources on the use of AI in eye health and how it may benefit my specific condition?

Reference

Authors: Bellemo V, Lim G, Rim TH, Tan GSW, Cheung CY, Sadda S, He MG, Tufail A, Lee ML, Hsu W, Ting DSW. Journal: Curr Diab Rep. 2019 Jul 31;19(9):72. doi: 10.1007/s11892-019-1189-3. PMID: 31367962