Our Summary

This study looks at the rates of complications after spinal surgery, particularly in patients with complex medical histories. These complications often result in issues such as infection and open wounds, which may need further treatment from plastic surgeons. The study analyzed data from 373 patients who went through this type of surgery and discovered that the majority of them had at least one preexisting condition that could negatively affect wound healing. Additionally, a significant portion of them experienced complications and required additional surgery. The study found that certain risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, tobacco use, steroid use, and a history of spine surgery, were associated with higher chances of complications and longer hospital stays. The researchers suggest that early collaboration between spine and plastic surgeons could help in managing these risks in patients prone to wound complications.

FAQs

  1. What are some common complications after spinal surgery?
  2. What preexisting conditions can negatively affect wound healing after spinal surgery?
  3. How can early collaboration between spine and plastic surgeons help in managing risks in patients prone to wound complications after spinal surgery?

Doctor’s Tip

A doctor might tell a patient undergoing spinal surgery to quit smoking, maintain a healthy weight, and manage any chronic conditions like diabetes to reduce the risk of complications during and after surgery. They may also recommend following post-operative care instructions carefully, including proper wound care and physical therapy, to ensure a successful recovery. It’s important for patients to communicate openly with their healthcare team and follow their guidance to optimize their outcomes.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended spinal surgery include those with severe back pain, degenerative disc disease, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, spinal fractures, scoliosis, spinal tumors, and spinal cord injuries. Additionally, patients who have not responded to conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medications, and injections may also be candidates for spinal surgery. Patients with progressive neurological symptoms, such as weakness, numbness, or tingling, may also be recommended for surgery to prevent further damage to the nerves. Overall, patients with significant pain and dysfunction that impacts their quality of life and daily activities are often considered for spinal surgery.

Timeline

Before spinal surgery:

  1. Patient consults with a spine specialist to discuss treatment options and determine if surgery is necessary.
  2. Patient undergoes preoperative testing, such as blood work and imaging studies, to assess their overall health and the condition of their spine.
  3. Patient may need to make lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking or losing weight, to reduce the risk of complications during surgery.
  4. Patient meets with an anesthesiologist to discuss anesthesia options and potential risks.
  5. Patient receives preoperative instructions on how to prepare for surgery, such as fasting before the procedure.

After spinal surgery:

  1. Patient wakes up in the recovery room and is monitored closely for any immediate complications.
  2. Patient may experience pain and discomfort in the days following surgery, which is managed with pain medication.
  3. Patient begins physical therapy and rehabilitation to regain strength and mobility in the spine.
  4. Patient is closely monitored for signs of infection, wound healing issues, or other complications that may arise postoperatively.
  5. Patient follows up with their spine surgeon for regular check-ups and to monitor their progress in recovery.
  6. Patient may require additional surgeries or interventions if complications arise, such as infection or spinal fluid leaks.
  7. Patient gradually resumes normal activities and may need ongoing follow-up care to monitor the long-term success of the surgery.

What to Ask Your Doctor

Some questions a patient should ask their doctor about spinal surgery include:

  1. What specific type of spinal surgery is recommended for my condition?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with this surgery?
  3. How long is the recovery process expected to be?
  4. Will I need physical therapy or rehabilitation after the surgery?
  5. What are the success rates of this surgery for patients with similar conditions?
  6. Are there any alternative treatments or less invasive options available?
  7. What is the expected outcome or prognosis after the surgery?
  8. Are there any specific lifestyle changes or precautions I should take before or after the surgery?
  9. How can I best prepare for the surgery in terms of diet, exercise, and medication management?
  10. How will my existing medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, or smoking, affect the outcome of the surgery?

Reference

Authors: Kenny EM, James IB, Bengür FB, Zammerilla LL, Manders EK, Russavage JM, Acartürk TO. Journal: Ann Plast Surg. 2021 Jun 1;86(6):678-687. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002821. PMID: 33883433