Our Summary

This research paper examines different animal models used for studying spinal fusion, a surgical process that joins two or more vertebrae into a single structure. The choice of animal model depends on the type of research question being asked. The article highlights the pros and cons of various animal models and points out that the New Zealand White Rabbit is the most commonly used model for such research. It also provides guidelines on how to conduct spinal fusion surgery on this rabbit model, including how many rabbits are needed for the results to be statistically significant, and the best techniques for performing the surgery. The paper emphasizes the importance of these animal models in advancing our understanding of spinal fusion, particularly as new drug treatments are developed and our knowledge of gene activity during the process increases. The findings from these animal models are crucial for validating new treatments to improve spinal fusion.

FAQs

  1. What animal models are commonly used for studying the spinal fusion process?
  2. Why is the New Zealand White rabbit the most popular preclinical model for studying spinal fusion?
  3. How are preclinical animal models vital in validating new therapies for spinal fusion?

Doctor’s Tip

A doctor might tell a patient undergoing spinal fusion surgery to follow post-operative instructions carefully, including avoiding heavy lifting and physical activity for a certain period of time to allow for proper healing and fusion of the vertebrae. It is important to follow up with regular appointments to monitor progress and address any concerns. Staying active and maintaining a healthy weight can also help support the success of the fusion surgery.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended for spinal fusion surgery include those with severe back pain due to degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, or spinal fractures. Patients who have not responded to conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medication, and injections may also be candidates for spinal fusion surgery. Additionally, patients with conditions such as scoliosis, kyphosis, or spinal tumors may also benefit from spinal fusion surgery. Ultimately, the decision to recommend spinal fusion surgery is made on a case-by-case basis by a spine specialist after a thorough evaluation of the patient’s medical history, symptoms, and imaging studies.

Timeline

Before spinal fusion:

  1. Patient experiences chronic back pain that does not improve with conservative treatments such as physical therapy or medications.
  2. Patient undergoes diagnostic tests such as x-rays, MRI, or CT scans to determine the cause of the back pain.
  3. Patient consults with a spine surgeon who recommends spinal fusion surgery as a treatment option.
  4. Patient undergoes pre-operative evaluations and tests to ensure they are healthy enough for surgery.

After spinal fusion:

  1. Patient undergoes spinal fusion surgery, where the surgeon fuses together two or more vertebrae using bone grafts, rods, and screws.
  2. Patient is monitored closely in the hospital for any complications or signs of infection.
  3. Patient is discharged from the hospital and begins a rehabilitation program to help strengthen the back muscles and improve mobility.
  4. Patient follows up with the surgeon for post-operative appointments to monitor the healing process and address any concerns.
  5. Patient gradually returns to normal activities and experiences decreased back pain and improved spinal stability.

What to Ask Your Doctor

Some questions a patient should ask their doctor about spinal fusion include:

  1. What are the potential risks and complications associated with spinal fusion surgery?
  2. What is the success rate of spinal fusion surgery for my specific condition?
  3. What is the expected recovery time after spinal fusion surgery?
  4. Will I need physical therapy or rehabilitation after spinal fusion surgery?
  5. Are there any alternative treatments or procedures available for my condition?
  6. How long will I need to stay in the hospital after spinal fusion surgery?
  7. What type of anesthesia will be used during the surgery?
  8. Will I need to make any lifestyle changes or modifications after spinal fusion surgery?
  9. How long will it take for me to see improvements in my symptoms after spinal fusion surgery?
  10. What is the long-term outlook for my condition after spinal fusion surgery?

Reference

Authors: Virk SS, Coble D, Bertone AL, Hussein HH, Khan SN. Journal: J Invest Surg. 2017 Aug;30(4):226-234. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1235748. Epub 2016 Oct 14. PMID: 27739917