Our Summary

This research paper discusses how craniotomies, which are surgical openings into the skull, have been used throughout history for various purposes such as autopsies, dissections, embalming, and training for surgeons. However, understanding the different purposes of these procedures when examining old skeletal remains can be difficult because the techniques used often overlap and the conditions of the remains can vary.

This review looks at studies that have tried to identify the purpose of craniotomies on skeletal remains by looking at the shape and characteristics of the cuts made into the bone, as well as the context in which they were found. The findings from these studies show how modern forensic methods can be applied to archaeological remains to gain a better understanding of historical medical practices.

The paper suggests that future research should use experimental archaeology and interdisciplinary approaches to improve our understanding of historical medical procedures. This could involve recreating these procedures in a controlled setting or using experts from different fields to provide more context and insight.

FAQs

  1. What is the role of craniotomies in post-mortem practices?
  2. What challenges are faced in differentiating craniotomy procedures in osteoarchaeological contexts?
  3. How can modern analytical techniques and historical records enhance the interpretation of past medical procedures like craniotomy?

Doctor’s Tip

One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about craniotomy is to follow all post-operative care instructions carefully to ensure proper healing and recovery. This may include taking prescribed medications, avoiding strenuous activities, and attending follow-up appointments with healthcare providers. Additionally, it is important to communicate any concerns or changes in symptoms to your healthcare team to ensure proper management of your recovery process.

Suitable For

Patients who may be recommended craniotomy include those with:

  • Brain tumors or lesions that require surgical removal
  • Traumatic brain injuries that require intervention to relieve pressure or repair damage
  • Epilepsy that is not controlled by medication and may benefit from surgical treatment
  • Arteriovenous malformations or aneurysms that require surgical intervention
  • Hydrocephalus that requires a shunt placement or other surgical treatment
  • Skull fractures that require repair or reconstruction
  • Cranial nerve disorders that may benefit from surgical intervention

It is important to note that craniotomy is a major surgical procedure with potential risks and complications, and the decision to proceed with this surgery should be carefully considered by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals.

Timeline

Before craniotomy:

  1. Patient may experience symptoms such as headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits.
  2. Patient undergoes diagnostic tests such as MRI or CT scans to determine the need for surgery.
  3. Patient meets with a neurosurgeon to discuss the procedure and potential risks and benefits.
  4. Patient undergoes pre-operative evaluations and tests to ensure they are healthy enough for surgery.

After craniotomy:

  1. Patient is taken to the operating room and placed under general anesthesia.
  2. Surgeon makes an incision in the scalp and drills a hole in the skull to access the brain.
  3. Surgeon performs the necessary procedure on the brain, which may include removing a tumor, repairing a blood vessel, or relieving pressure.
  4. Surgeon replaces the bone flap and closes the incision with sutures or staples.
  5. Patient is monitored closely in the recovery room for any complications.
  6. Patient may experience pain, swelling, and headaches post-operatively.
  7. Patient undergoes post-operative evaluations and follow-up appointments to monitor recovery and address any concerns.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What is the specific reason for the craniotomy procedure?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with a craniotomy?
  3. What is the recovery process like after a craniotomy?
  4. How long will it take to fully recover from a craniotomy?
  5. Are there any alternative treatment options to a craniotomy?
  6. Will I need any follow-up appointments or monitoring after the craniotomy?
  7. How will the craniotomy affect my daily activities and lifestyle?
  8. Are there any long-term effects or complications I should be aware of?
  9. How experienced is the surgical team in performing craniotomies?
  10. What is the success rate of craniotomies for my specific condition?

Reference

Authors: Vanni A, Fusco R, Rossetti N, Licata M. Journal: J Forensic Leg Med. 2025 Jul;113:102894. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102894. Epub 2025 May 12. PMID: 40446383