Our Summary

In the early days of brain surgery, due to poor lighting, limited ability to see what was happening and lack of accurate diagnoses before surgery, large and invasive procedures were common. These could lead to numerous complications. However, as technology improved with better imaging, use of microscopes and endoscopes, it became possible to perform less invasive surgeries. These minimally invasive surgeries are now the preferred method as they allow patients to recover faster and spend less time in the hospital. This paper gives a brief history of how brain surgery has evolved from these large, invasive procedures to the less invasive techniques we use today.

FAQs

  1. What were some of the limitations of early brain surgery procedures?
  2. How has the evolution of technology improved brain surgery methods?
  3. What are the benefits of minimally invasive surgeries compared to larger, more invasive procedures?

Doctor’s Tip

One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about craniotomy is to follow post-operative care instructions carefully to ensure a smooth recovery. This may include taking prescribed medication as directed, avoiding strenuous activities, and attending follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider. It is also important to report any unusual symptoms or changes in your condition to your doctor promptly. By following these guidelines, you can help ensure the best possible outcome after a craniotomy.

Suitable For

Patients who may be recommended for a craniotomy include those with brain tumors, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), traumatic brain injuries, and certain types of epilepsy that do not respond to medication. Additionally, patients with intracranial hemorrhages or infections that require surgical intervention may also undergo a craniotomy. It is important for the patient to undergo thorough evaluation and consultation with a neurosurgeon to determine if a craniotomy is the best course of treatment for their specific condition.

Timeline

Before a craniotomy:

  1. Diagnosis: The patient will undergo various diagnostic tests such as MRI, CT scan, and/or angiography to determine the location and nature of the brain abnormality that requires surgery.

  2. Pre-operative preparation: The patient will meet with the surgeon to discuss the procedure, risks, and benefits. They may need to stop taking certain medications and fast before the surgery.

  3. Surgery: The patient will be given general anesthesia before the surgery begins. The surgeon will make an incision in the scalp, remove a piece of the skull (craniotomy), and access the brain to remove the abnormal tissue or tumor.

After a craniotomy:

  1. Recovery in the hospital: The patient will typically spend a few days in the hospital for monitoring and recovery. They may experience pain, swelling, and discomfort at the surgical site.

  2. Rehabilitation: Depending on the extent of the surgery and the location of the brain abnormality, the patient may need physical therapy, speech therapy, or occupational therapy to regain function.

  3. Follow-up appointments: The patient will need to follow up with their surgeon for post-operative care, including monitoring for any complications or signs of infection.

  4. Long-term recovery: It may take weeks to months for the patient to fully recover from a craniotomy. They may experience fatigue, headaches, and changes in cognitive function as they heal.

Overall, a patient undergoing a craniotomy will experience a significant impact on their daily life before and after the surgery. It is important for patients to follow their surgeon’s recommendations for post-operative care and rehabilitation to optimize their recovery.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What specific condition or issue is requiring a craniotomy?

  2. Are there any alternative treatments or procedures that could be considered instead of a craniotomy?

  3. What are the potential risks and complications associated with a craniotomy?

  4. What is the success rate for this type of surgery in treating my condition?

  5. What is the expected recovery time and what can I expect during the recovery process?

  6. Will I need any additional treatments or therapies after the craniotomy?

  7. How many craniotomies have you performed and what is your success rate?

  8. Will I need to stay in the hospital after the surgery and for how long?

  9. What type of anesthesia will be used during the surgery and are there any potential side effects?

  10. What can I do to prepare for the surgery and optimize my chances for a successful outcome?

Reference

Authors: Dzhindzhikhadze RS, Dreval’ ON, Lazarev VA, Bogdanovich IO. Journal: Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko. 2016;80(3):99-105. doi: 10.17116/neiro201680399-105. PMID: 28635846