Our Summary

This research paper looks at how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can be used in orthognathic surgery, which is surgery to correct conditions related to the jaw and face. The researchers looked at a bunch of studies (19 in total) and found that AI can be really useful in diagnosing issues and predicting how a surgery might go, all with a good level of accuracy. AI can also take some of the load off doctors by handling boring tasks and helping to plan out surgeries. But there are still some gaps in the research. For example, we need to work on making AI better at helping with clinical decision making, diagnosis, and surgical planning.

FAQs

  1. How can AI and ML be used in orthognathic surgery?
  2. What are some potential benefits of using AI in orthognathic surgery according to the research?
  3. What are the current limitations of using AI in orthognathic surgery as per the research findings?

Doctor’s Tip

A helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about orthognathic surgery is to follow all pre-surgery instructions carefully, including any dietary restrictions or medication guidelines. It is important to properly prepare for the surgery to ensure the best possible outcome and minimize any risks or complications. Additionally, it is important to communicate openly with your healthcare team and ask any questions or address any concerns you may have before the surgery.

Suitable For

Orthognathic surgery is typically recommended for patients with severe misalignment of the jaws, facial asymmetry, difficulty chewing or speaking, sleep apnea, or other conditions that affect the function and appearance of the jaw and face. Patients who have tried other treatments such as orthodontics and dental appliances without success may also be recommended for orthognathic surgery. Additionally, patients with congenital abnormalities, trauma to the face or jaw, or who have experienced significant changes in their facial structure over time may also benefit from orthognathic surgery. Ultimately, the decision to undergo orthognathic surgery is made on a case-by-case basis by a team of healthcare professionals, including oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and other specialists.

Timeline

  • Initial consultation: The patient meets with a maxillofacial surgeon to discuss their concerns and goals for surgery. A comprehensive evaluation is done, which may include physical exams, imaging studies, and dental impressions.

  • Pre-surgical orthodontic treatment: The patient undergoes orthodontic treatment to align their teeth and jaws in preparation for surgery. This phase can last anywhere from a few months to a few years, depending on the severity of the case.

  • Surgical planning: The surgeon uses advanced imaging techniques and computer simulations to plan the surgery in detail. This includes determining the precise movements needed to correct the jaw alignment and facial appearance.

  • Orthognathic surgery: The actual surgical procedure is performed, typically under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes incisions inside the mouth to access the jaw bones, and then repositions them as planned during the surgical planning phase.

  • Recovery: The patient spends a few days in the hospital for monitoring and pain management. They will need to follow a soft diet for a period of time and may experience swelling and bruising in the face.

  • Post-surgical orthodontic treatment: Once the initial healing is complete, the patient continues with orthodontic treatment to fine-tune the alignment of their teeth and jaws. This phase can last several months to ensure a stable and functional bite.

  • Long-term follow-up: The patient continues to see their surgeon and orthodontist for regular check-ups to monitor the results of the surgery and make any necessary adjustments. Overall, the timeline for orthognathic surgery can vary depending on the individual case, but the process typically takes several months to complete.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What specific benefits can I expect from orthognathic surgery?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with this surgery?
  3. How long is the recovery process and what can I expect during this time?
  4. Will I need to follow any specific post-operative care instructions?
  5. How many orthognathic surgeries have you performed in the past and what is your success rate?
  6. Are there any alternative treatments or procedures that I should consider before opting for orthognathic surgery?
  7. How will AI and machine learning be used in my specific case and how will it benefit the outcome of the surgery?
  8. What kind of pre-operative testing or imaging will be necessary to plan for the surgery?
  9. How long will the surgery take and what kind of anesthesia will be used?
  10. What will the long-term results of the surgery look like and will I need any additional procedures in the future?

Reference

Authors: Mohaideen K, Negi A, Verma DK, Kumar N, Sennimalai K, Negi A. Journal: J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Nov;123(6):e962-e972. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.06.027. Epub 2022 Jul 6. PMID: 35803558