Our Summary
This research paper aims to review and analyze existing studies on how soft tissues in the face respond and adapt to changes in the underlying bone structure following orthognathic surgery. This type of surgery is often used to correct conditions like facial asymmetry. The researchers reviewed studies from six major databases and other sources, and selected 10 for their analysis.
The findings from these studies showed that soft tissues in the face do move and adjust in response to changes in the bone structure. However, this movement is less than the movement of the hard tissues (bones) themselves. The movement of soft tissues is more noticeable in the lower central region of the face. The researchers also found that the quality of the existing evidence on this topic is low, despite the fact that a majority of the selected studies were rated as having strong methodology.
In conclusion, the researchers found that orthognathic surgery does lead to changes in the positioning of soft tissues in the face, and these changes are most pronounced in the lower central region. However, they believe that more well-designed studies are needed to provide stronger evidence on this topic.
FAQs
- What is the purpose of orthognathic surgery?
- How do soft tissues in the face respond to changes in bone structure post-orthognathic surgery?
- Why do researchers believe that more studies are needed on the impact of orthognathic surgery on facial soft tissues?
Doctor’s Tip
A helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about orthognathic surgery is to be prepared for potential changes in the positioning of soft tissues in the face following the procedure. It’s important to have realistic expectations and understand that these changes may take time to fully adjust. Additionally, following post-operative care instructions and attending follow-up appointments with your surgeon are crucial for a successful recovery.
Suitable For
Patients who are typically recommended for orthognathic surgery include those with severe malocclusion (misalignment of the teeth), facial asymmetry, skeletal discrepancies, and obstructive sleep apnea. Orthognathic surgery may also be recommended for patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, difficulty chewing or speaking, and aesthetic concerns related to the positioning of the jaw and facial bones. Additionally, patients who have undergone previous orthodontic treatment but have not achieved desired results may also be candidates for orthognathic surgery. It is important for patients to undergo a thorough evaluation by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon to determine if orthognathic surgery is the best treatment option for their specific condition.
Timeline
Before orthognathic surgery, a patient typically undergoes a series of consultations with their orthodontist, oral surgeon, and other healthcare providers to discuss their treatment plan and ensure they are a good candidate for the surgery. They may also undergo orthodontic treatment to align their teeth in preparation for the surgery.
During the surgery, the oral surgeon will reposition the jaw bones to correct any misalignments and improve the overall function and appearance of the patient’s face. The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia and can take several hours to complete.
After the surgery, the patient will experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort in the facial area. They will need to follow a strict diet of soft foods and take pain medication as prescribed by their healthcare provider. The patient will also need to attend follow-up appointments with their healthcare team to monitor their healing progress and make any necessary adjustments to their treatment plan.
In the weeks and months following the surgery, the patient will gradually see improvements in their facial appearance as the soft tissues in the face adjust to the new position of the jaw bones. They may also continue with orthodontic treatment to further refine their bite and alignment.
Overall, the timeline of a patient’s experience before and after orthognathic surgery involves careful planning, the surgical procedure itself, and a period of recovery and adjustment as the soft tissues in the face adapt to the changes in the underlying bone structure.
What to Ask Your Doctor
Some questions a patient should ask their doctor about orthognathic surgery include:
- What specific changes will be made to my facial bones during the surgery?
- How will the surgery impact the positioning and appearance of my soft tissues, such as muscles and skin?
- Will there be any visible scarring after the surgery, and how can it be minimized?
- What is the expected recovery time and process after the surgery?
- Are there any potential risks or complications associated with orthognathic surgery?
- How long will it take to see the final results of the surgery in terms of facial appearance?
- Will I need any additional procedures or treatments following the surgery to achieve optimal results?
- Can you provide before and after photos of previous patients who have undergone similar orthognathic surgery?
- Are there any alternative treatments or procedures that could achieve similar results?
- What is the long-term outlook for my facial appearance and function after orthognathic surgery?
Reference
Authors: Ajmera DH, Singh P, Leung YY, Gu M. Journal: J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2021 Sep;49(9):763-774. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.04.010. Epub 2021 Apr 24. PMID: 34016501