Our Summary

This research paper discusses the lack of access to safe, affordable surgical and anesthesia care for five billion people around the world. The problem is especially severe in low and middle-income countries where 90% of people can’t access basic surgical care. The paper emphasizes that this includes oral and maxillofacial surgery (surgery on the face, mouth, and jaws). The authors argue that we need to become more aware of this issue and start supporting and funding research to develop a plan for improving access to these types of surgery around the world.

FAQs

  1. What is the main problem discussed in this research paper about maxillofacial surgery?
  2. Why is access to oral and maxillofacial surgery particularly problematic in low and middle-income countries?
  3. What solutions does the paper suggest for improving global access to maxillofacial surgery?

Doctor’s Tip

One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about maxillofacial surgery is to follow all pre-operative instructions carefully, such as fasting before surgery and avoiding certain medications. It is also important to have a clear understanding of the surgical procedure, potential risks, and expected recovery time. Additionally, maintaining good oral hygiene before and after surgery can help promote healing and reduce the risk of complications. Finally, following post-operative care instructions, including attending follow-up appointments and taking prescribed medications as directed, is crucial for a successful recovery.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended for maxillofacial surgery include those with:

  1. Facial trauma: Patients who have suffered facial injuries from accidents, falls, sports injuries, or assaults may require maxillofacial surgery to repair fractures, lacerations, or other damage to the face and jaws.

  2. Jaw abnormalities: Patients with congenital or acquired abnormalities of the jaw, such as underdeveloped or overgrown jaws, may benefit from maxillofacial surgery to correct the alignment and function of the jaws.

  3. Temporomandibular joint disorders: Patients with pain, clicking, or dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) may require maxillofacial surgery to alleviate symptoms and improve jaw function.

  4. Facial deformities: Patients with craniofacial syndromes, cleft lip and palate, or other facial deformities may benefit from maxillofacial surgery to improve facial aesthetics and function.

  5. Orthognathic surgery: Patients with misaligned jaws or bite problems (malocclusion) may require orthognathic surgery, a type of maxillofacial surgery that involves repositioning the jaws to improve bite alignment and facial symmetry.

  6. Oral pathology: Patients with tumors, cysts, or other abnormal growths in the mouth or jaws may require maxillofacial surgery for biopsy, removal, or reconstruction.

Overall, maxillofacial surgery is recommended for patients with a wide range of conditions affecting the face, mouth, and jaws, with the goal of improving function, aesthetics, and quality of life.

Timeline

Before maxillofacial surgery:

  1. Patient consults with a maxillofacial surgeon to discuss the need for surgery and potential treatment options.
  2. Patient undergoes pre-operative assessments, which may include medical history review, physical examination, and imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans.
  3. Patient receives instructions on pre-operative preparation, which may include fasting before surgery and discontinuing certain medications.

After maxillofacial surgery:

  1. Patient is closely monitored in the recovery room immediately after surgery to ensure stability and manage any immediate post-operative complications.
  2. Patient may experience pain, swelling, and bruising in the days following surgery, which can be managed with pain medications and ice packs.
  3. Patient follows a post-operative care plan provided by the surgeon, which may include instructions on wound care, diet modifications, and activity restrictions.
  4. Patient attends follow-up appointments with the surgeon to monitor healing progress and address any concerns or complications that may arise.
  5. Patient undergoes rehabilitation, which may include physical therapy or speech therapy, depending on the nature of the surgery and the goals of treatment.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What specific procedure will I be undergoing and why is it necessary?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with the surgery?
  3. What is the expected recovery time and what post-operative care will be required?
  4. Are there any alternative treatment options available?
  5. How experienced are you in performing this type of surgery?
  6. What type of anesthesia will be used and what are the risks associated with it?
  7. What is the success rate for this type of surgery?
  8. Will I need any additional consultations or tests before the surgery?
  9. What can I do to prepare for the surgery and improve my chances of a successful outcome?
  10. Are there any long-term effects or considerations I should be aware of after the surgery?

Reference

Authors: Lee JS, Roser SM, Aziz SR. Journal: Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2020 Aug;32(3):355-365. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2020.04.001. Epub 2020 May 26. PMID: 32471751