Our Summary

This research paper discusses the evolution of medical training in the United States. It refers to the Flexner Report from 1910, which continues to influence professional education in medicine and dentistry today. The paper emphasizes the need for diversity in the healthcare workforce, a point highlighted by the National Academy of Medicine in 2003. It also draws attention to the Association of American Medical Colleges’ perspective on medical education and healthcare. The paper concludes that all stakeholders in healthcare – institutions, providers, educators, students, and surgical residents – have a responsibility to enhance the health of the nation. The paper also addresses issues like gender and racial discrimination, the underrepresentation in surgical residencies, and the importance of diversity.

FAQs

  1. What is the significance of the Flexner Report in modern medical and dental education?
  2. How has the National Academy of Medicine emphasized the need for diversity in the health care workforce?
  3. What role does the Association of American Medical Colleges play in addressing issues in medical education and health care?

Doctor’s Tip

A helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about maxillofacial surgery is to follow all pre-operative instructions provided by the surgeon, such as fasting before the procedure and avoiding certain medications. It is also important to communicate any concerns or questions with the surgical team and to have a support system in place for after the surgery to assist with recovery. Additionally, following post-operative care instructions closely will help ensure a successful healing process.

Suitable For

Maxillofacial surgery is typically recommended for patients who have issues with their jaw, face, mouth, and neck. Some common conditions that may require maxillofacial surgery include:

  1. Malocclusions (misaligned teeth and jaws)
  2. Facial trauma (fractures, lacerations, etc.)
  3. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders
  4. Jaw deformities (overbite, underbite, etc.)
  5. Cleft lip and palate
  6. Sleep apnea
  7. Oral and maxillofacial tumors
  8. Facial pain disorders
  9. Facial nerve disorders
  10. Congenital facial anomalies

Patients who may benefit from maxillofacial surgery often have complex issues that require the expertise of a specialized oral and maxillofacial surgeon. These surgeons have extensive training in both dentistry and medicine, allowing them to address a wide range of conditions affecting the head and neck region.

Timeline

  • Before maxillofacial surgery:
  1. Initial consultation with a maxillofacial surgeon to discuss the need for surgery and potential treatment options.
  2. Pre-operative appointments for medical history review, physical exams, and imaging studies.
  3. Discussion of surgical risks, benefits, and expected outcomes with the surgeon.
  4. Pre-operative instructions such as fasting before surgery and discontinuing certain medications.
  5. Day of surgery preparation including anesthesia administration and positioning for the procedure.
  • After maxillofacial surgery:
  1. Recovery period in the hospital or outpatient facility with monitoring by medical staff.
  2. Pain management and post-operative care instructions for wound care and swelling reduction.
  3. Follow-up appointments with the surgeon to monitor healing progress and address any concerns.
  4. Physical therapy or speech therapy as needed to improve function and mobility.
  5. Long-term follow-up care to monitor for any complications or changes in the surgical outcome.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What specific procedure will be performed during the maxillofacial surgery?

  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with the surgery?

  3. What is the expected recovery time and rehabilitation process after the surgery?

  4. How many similar surgeries have you performed in the past, and what is your success rate?

  5. What type of anesthesia will be used during the surgery, and are there any potential side effects?

  6. Will I need to follow any specific dietary or lifestyle guidelines before or after the surgery?

  7. How long will I need to stay in the hospital after the surgery, and will I need any follow-up appointments?

  8. What is the expected outcome of the surgery, and what are the potential long-term effects?

  9. Are there any alternative treatment options to consider before proceeding with the surgery?

  10. Are there any support services or resources available to help me through the surgical process and recovery period?

Reference

Authors: Ferguson BL, Morgan M, Wilson SB. Journal: Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2021 Nov;33(4):491-503. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.07.001. PMID: 34565512