Our Summary

This research paper examines the complications that can occur during and after vaginoplasty, a surgical procedure often undertaken by transgender women as part of their transition. The study looks at problems that can occur during the operation such as bleeding, injury to various organs, and internal abdominal injury. It also discusses complications that can happen shortly after surgery like wound issues, infection, and problems with urination, as well as longer-term issues including changes to the structure and function of the new vagina. The paper emphasizes the importance of understanding these issues in order to better manage and prevent them. It suggests that improving the ways these complications are recorded and doing more research could help improve the strategies used to prevent and treat these problems. The study also emphasizes the importance of patient counseling and post-surgery care.

FAQs

  1. What are some complications that can occur during and after a vaginoplasty?
  2. What are some of the long-term issues that can occur after a vaginoplasty?
  3. How can complications from a vaginoplasty be better managed or prevented according to the study?

Doctor’s Tip

One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about vaginoplasty is to carefully follow all post-operative care instructions, including proper wound care, medication management, and follow-up appointments. It is important to communicate any concerns or changes in symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly to ensure optimal healing and reduce the risk of complications. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and regular exercise, can contribute to overall well-being and successful recovery after surgery.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended for vaginoplasty include transgender women who are seeking gender affirmation surgery as part of their transition. Vaginoplasty is a procedure that creates a vagina and vulva that closely resemble those of a cisgender woman. This surgery can help alleviate gender dysphoria and improve the overall quality of life for transgender women.

In addition to transgender women, individuals who may be recommended for vaginoplasty include cisgender women with congenital abnormalities or injuries that affect the structure or function of their vagina. These patients may benefit from vaginoplasty to improve their quality of life and restore normal vulvovaginal function.

It is important for patients considering vaginoplasty to undergo a thorough evaluation by a qualified healthcare provider to determine if they are good candidates for the surgery. Patients should be in good overall health and have realistic expectations about the potential outcomes and risks of the procedure. Counseling and support from mental health professionals are also important for patients undergoing gender affirmation surgery to ensure they are mentally prepared for the physical and emotional changes that come with the surgery.

Timeline

  • Before vaginoplasty:
  1. Patient meets with a surgeon to discuss the procedure, risks, and expected outcomes.
  2. Patient undergoes pre-operative evaluations and tests to ensure they are a suitable candidate for surgery.
  3. Patient may need to undergo hormone therapy and hair removal in the genital area to prepare for surgery.
  • During vaginoplasty:
  1. Surgeon creates a vaginal canal using penile and scrotal skin, often with the use of tissue grafts.
  2. Surgery typically takes several hours and is performed under general anesthesia.
  3. Complications that can occur during surgery include bleeding, injury to organs, and internal abdominal injury.
  • After vaginoplasty:
  1. Patient experiences pain, swelling, and bruising in the genital area immediately after surgery.
  2. Patient may need to stay in the hospital for a few days for monitoring and pain management.
  3. Complications that can occur shortly after surgery include wound issues, infection, and problems with urination.
  4. Long-term complications may include changes to the structure and function of the new vagina, such as narrowing or scarring.
  5. Patient undergoes post-operative care, including dilation exercises to maintain the depth and width of the vagina.
  6. Patient may need counseling and support to adjust to their new anatomy and address any emotional or psychological concerns.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the potential risks and complications associated with vaginoplasty?

  2. How can I prepare for the surgery and what should I expect during the recovery process?

  3. What is the success rate of vaginoplasty and what are the chances of needing additional surgeries?

  4. How will vaginoplasty affect my sexual function and sensation?

  5. What type of follow-up care will be needed after the surgery and what signs of complications should I watch for?

  6. Are there any specific lifestyle changes or restrictions I should be aware of after undergoing vaginoplasty?

  7. How experienced are you in performing vaginoplasty procedures and what is your success rate?

  8. Can you provide me with before and after photos of previous patients who have undergone vaginoplasty?

  9. Are there any non-surgical alternatives or less invasive options that I should consider before deciding on vaginoplasty?

  10. How long will it take for me to fully recover and see the final results of the surgery?

Reference

Authors: Stojanovic B, Horwood G, Joksic I, Bafna S, Djordjevic ML. Journal: Curr Opin Urol. 2024 Sep 1;34(5):336-343. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000001204. Epub 2024 Jun 19. PMID: 38898785