Our Summary

This research paper discusses a rare type of cancer called primary peritoneal carcinoma. This cancer is often advanced when diagnosed and difficult to cure unless the tumor is small. The study points out that this cancer can be linked with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, which is responsible for about 5-6% of all breast cancers. Two specific genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are known to increase the risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Women with these gene mutations sometimes have surgery (a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy or RRSO) to prevent ovarian and breast cancer. However, the study reports that peritoneal carcinoma can still develop after this surgery in patients with these gene mutations. The report details the first known case of a Japanese patient with a BRCA1 mutation developing peritoneal carcinoma after having an RRSO. The study also includes a review of relevant literature on the subject.

FAQs

  1. What is primary peritoneal carcinoma and how is it related to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome?
  2. How does the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation increase the risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer?
  3. Can peritoneal carcinoma still develop after a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO)?

Doctor’s Tip

A doctor might tell a patient undergoing a salpingo-oophorectomy, especially if they have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation, to be aware of the potential risk of developing primary peritoneal carcinoma even after the surgery. Regular check-ups and monitoring for symptoms of peritoneal carcinoma may be recommended in these cases. It is important to discuss any concerns or questions with your healthcare provider to ensure proper management and follow-up care.

Suitable For

Patients who are at high risk for developing ovarian and breast cancer due to hereditary factors, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, are typically recommended for salpingo-oophorectomy. Additionally, patients with a personal or family history of ovarian or breast cancer may also be advised to undergo this surgery as a preventive measure. Patients with primary peritoneal carcinoma, especially those with a history of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, may also be recommended for salpingo-oophorectomy as part of their treatment plan.

Timeline

Before salpingo-oophorectomy:

  • Patient may have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer
  • Patient may undergo genetic testing to determine if they have BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations
  • Patient may be advised to have a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) to prevent ovarian and breast cancer
  • Surgery is scheduled and pre-operative tests are conducted
  • Patient undergoes salpingo-oophorectomy procedure

After salpingo-oophorectomy:

  • Patient may experience post-operative pain and discomfort
  • Patient may have a hospital stay for monitoring
  • Patient may need to take pain medication and antibiotics
  • Patient may have follow-up appointments with their healthcare provider
  • Patient may be advised to undergo hormone replacement therapy to manage menopausal symptoms
  • Patient may be monitored for any signs of peritoneal carcinoma or other complications
  • Patient may need additional treatment or surveillance based on their individual risk factors and medical history.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What is the purpose of a salpingo-oophorectomy and why is it recommended in certain cases?
  2. How will having a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation impact my risk for developing peritoneal carcinoma?
  3. What are the potential risks and complications associated with a salpingo-oophorectomy?
  4. How often should I have follow-up screenings or tests after the surgery to monitor for any signs of peritoneal carcinoma?
  5. Are there any lifestyle changes or preventive measures I can take to reduce my risk of developing peritoneal carcinoma, especially if I have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation?
  6. What are the treatment options available if peritoneal carcinoma is detected after a salpingo-oophorectomy?
  7. Is genetic counseling or testing recommended for family members, especially if there is a history of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome?
  8. Are there any additional steps I can take to further reduce my risk of developing peritoneal carcinoma, aside from the surgery?
  9. How common is peritoneal carcinoma in patients with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation who have undergone a salpingo-oophorectomy?
  10. Are there any clinical trials or research studies available that focus on peritoneal carcinoma in patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome?

Reference

Authors: Harao M, Ando J, Kamata H, Hoshi N, Igarashi S, Sekiguchi R, Sugano K. Journal: Breast Cancer. 2018 Mar;25(2):243-249. doi: 10.1007/s12282-017-0813-9. Epub 2017 Nov 1. PMID: 29094253