Our Summary

Injuries, especially those to the abdomen, are a major public health issue and the leading cause of death in people under 45. The spleen, a key part of the body’s immune system, is often damaged in these kinds of injuries. The common response is to remove the spleen, but this can make a person more prone to infections, including a potentially deadly one called postsplenectomy sepsis.

To help prevent these infections, people who have had their spleen removed should get vaccines against certain types of bacteria. Another option is splenic autotransplantation, a procedure where parts of the spleen are implanted elsewhere in the body. This can help maintain some of the spleen’s functions and lower the risk of infection, while also reducing hospital costs.

This review looked at data from various medical databases, focusing on articles in English and Portuguese published from 1919 to 2017. The researchers found that people who have had their spleen removed are at a higher risk of death than the general population. However, splenic autotransplantation can preserve some of the spleen’s functions and help prevent dangerous infections. So, healthcare professionals should make sure they understand the potential consequences of different treatment options for spleen injuries.

FAQs

  1. What are the potential risks associated with removing the spleen?
  2. What is splenic autotransplantation and how can it help those who have had their spleen removed?
  3. What are some of the preventative measures against infections for people who have had their spleen removed?

Doctor’s Tip

Additionally, patients who have had a splenectomy should be vigilant about seeking medical attention if they develop symptoms of infection, such as fever, chills, or persistent cough. It is important for them to communicate their medical history with healthcare providers so that appropriate care can be provided. Following a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking, can also help support overall immune function and reduce the risk of infections. Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are important to monitor for any potential complications and ensure optimal health outcomes.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended splenectomy include those who have suffered traumatic injuries to the spleen, such as in a car accident or sports injury. Additionally, individuals with certain medical conditions, such as blood disorders like thalassemia or sickle cell disease, may also require a splenectomy. Patients with certain types of cancer, such as lymphoma or leukemia, may also undergo a splenectomy as part of their treatment plan. Ultimately, the decision to recommend splenectomy will depend on the individual patient’s specific medical history and condition.

Timeline

  • Before splenectomy:
  1. Patient experiences an injury, often to the abdomen, that damages the spleen.
  2. The decision is made to remove the spleen due to the severity of the injury.
  3. The patient may undergo pre-operative testing and preparation for the surgery.
  • After splenectomy:
  1. The spleen is removed during surgery.
  2. The patient may experience pain and discomfort post-surgery.
  3. The patient is at a higher risk of infections, including postsplenectomy sepsis, due to the absence of the spleen.
  4. The patient may be advised to get vaccines against certain types of bacteria to prevent infections.
  5. Splenic autotransplantation may be considered to preserve some of the spleen’s functions and lower the risk of infection.
  6. Healthcare professionals monitor the patient’s health closely post-surgery to prevent complications and provide appropriate care.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the potential risks and benefits of splenectomy for my specific condition?
  2. How will my immune system be affected by having my spleen removed?
  3. What steps can I take to prevent infections after splenectomy?
  4. Are there any alternative treatments to splenectomy, such as splenic autotransplantation?
  5. What is the long-term outlook for someone who has had their spleen removed?
  6. How often will I need to follow up with my healthcare provider after the procedure?
  7. Are there any specific vaccinations I should receive after splenectomy?
  8. What symptoms should I watch out for that could indicate a serious infection?
  9. How can I best protect myself from infections in my day-to-day life after splenectomy?
  10. Are there any lifestyle changes I should consider making after having my spleen removed?

Reference

Authors: Cardoso DL, Cardoso Filho FA, Cardoso AL, Gonzaga ML, Grande AJ. Journal: Rev Col Bras Cir. 2018 Jul 10;45(3):e1850. doi: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20181850. PMID: 29995152