Our Summary

This review looks at existing research on the effects of weight-loss surgery (also known as bariatric surgery) on the physical performance, metabolism, and overall health of adults with obesity. It concludes that such surgery can lead to significant weight loss, including reductions in both body fat and muscle mass. It also suggests that the surgery can improve many aspects of physical fitness and health. However, these improvements happen over a specific period of time. The current research on this topic has limitations, such as small sample sizes, lack of randomization, and not taking into account factors like sex and follow-up care after surgery. More research is needed to understand the outcomes of weight-loss surgery and how to improve them, which could lead to benefits in quality of life, disability, death rates, disease rates, and overall success of the surgery.

FAQs

  1. What impact does bariatric surgery have on physical performance and health in adults with obesity?
  2. How does bariatric surgery affect body weight and fat mass in individuals with obesity?
  3. What are the potential benefits of bariatric surgery for quality of life, disability, mortality, morbidity, and overall success?

Doctor’s Tip

One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about obesity surgery is to follow a comprehensive post-operative plan that includes regular physical activity and a healthy diet. It is important to work closely with healthcare professionals to monitor progress and make necessary adjustments to ensure long-term success. Additionally, it is important to attend follow-up appointments and stay connected with support groups to stay motivated and on track with weight loss goals.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended obesity surgery are those with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher, or a BMI of 35 or higher with obesity-related health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, or heart disease. Additionally, patients who have tried and failed to lose weight through diet and exercise may also be candidates for obesity surgery. It is important for patients to undergo a thorough evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers to determine if they are suitable candidates for surgery and to discuss the potential risks and benefits.

Timeline

Before obesity surgery:

  1. Patient undergoes pre-operative evaluations, including physical exams, laboratory tests, and psychological assessments.
  2. Patient receives counseling on the risks and benefits of surgery, as well as lifestyle changes required after surgery.
  3. Patient may be required to follow a specific diet and exercise regimen to prepare for surgery.
  4. Patient may attend support groups or counseling sessions to address emotional and psychological challenges related to obesity.

After obesity surgery:

  1. Immediately post-surgery, patient is closely monitored for complications and may experience pain, nausea, and other side effects.
  2. Patient gradually transitions from a liquid to a solid diet, under the guidance of a dietitian.
  3. Patient begins a structured exercise program to aid in weight loss and improve physical fitness.
  4. Patient attends follow-up appointments with healthcare providers to monitor progress, address any complications, and make adjustments to diet and exercise plans as needed.
  5. Over time, patient experiences significant weight loss, improvements in physical fitness, metabolic health, and overall quality of life.
  6. Patient may require additional surgeries or procedures to address excess skin, nutrient deficiencies, or other issues related to bariatric surgery.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the different types of obesity surgery procedures available and which one is most suitable for me?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with obesity surgery?
  3. What lifestyle changes will I need to make before and after the surgery?
  4. How much weight can I expect to lose after the surgery and how quickly?
  5. Will I need to take any supplements or medications after the surgery?
  6. How will the surgery affect my physical fitness and ability to exercise?
  7. What kind of follow-up care will I need after the surgery?
  8. How will the surgery impact my overall health and well-being in the long term?
  9. Are there any specific dietary guidelines I will need to follow post-surgery?
  10. What are the success rates for obesity surgery and what factors can affect the outcome of the surgery?

Reference

Authors: Jabbour G, Salman A. Journal: Obes Surg. 2021 Apr;31(4):1767-1789. doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-05182-z. Epub 2021 Jan 17. PMID: 33454846