Our Summary

This research paper investigates the risk of developing kidney stones following weight loss surgery. The study used data from patients who had undergone primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch surgeries between 2007 and 2017. These patients were compared to a control group matched on age, sex, and geographical location.

The study found that all types of weight loss surgeries were linked to a significantly higher risk of developing kidney stones. This risk increased with age, the presence of type 2 diabetes or hypertension before surgery, and a history of kidney stones prior to surgery. In simple terms, the research suggests that people who undergo weight loss surgeries are more than six times likely to develop kidney stones post-surgery than those in the general population. This risk is higher among older patients, those with obesity-related conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, and those who had kidney stones before their weight loss surgery.

FAQs

  1. Does undergoing weight loss surgery increase the risk of developing kidney stones?
  2. How do factors such as age, pre-existing conditions like type 2 diabetes or hypertension, and a history of kidney stones affect the risk of developing kidney stones post-surgery?
  3. Are those who undergo weight loss surgery more susceptible to developing kidney stones compared to the general population?

Doctor’s Tip

A doctor might advise a patient considering obesity surgery to make sure they are aware of the increased risk of developing kidney stones post-surgery. They may recommend monitoring their fluid intake and staying well-hydrated, as dehydration can increase the risk of kidney stones. They may also suggest following a healthy diet and lifestyle post-surgery to reduce the risk of kidney stones and other complications. Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider can help monitor for any potential issues and address them promptly.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended obesity surgery include those who have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher, or a BMI of 35 or higher with obesity-related health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, or cardiovascular disease. Patients who have tried and failed to lose weight through diet and exercise may also be recommended for obesity surgery.

In addition, patients who have a history of obesity-related conditions such as kidney stones may be recommended for weight loss surgery to help manage their health risks. However, as this study suggests, it is important for healthcare providers to consider the potential risks and complications associated with weight loss surgery, such as an increased risk of developing kidney stones, when recommending this treatment option to patients.

Timeline

Before surgery:

  1. Patient struggles with obesity, potentially leading to various health issues such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and joint pain.
  2. Patient consults with a healthcare provider and undergoes evaluations to determine if they are a candidate for weight loss surgery.
  3. Patient undergoes pre-operative assessments, including physical exams, blood tests, and psychological evaluations.
  4. Patient receives education on the surgical procedure, potential risks and benefits, and post-operative lifestyle changes.

After surgery:

  1. Patient undergoes the weight loss surgery, which may involve procedures such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.
  2. Patient is closely monitored in the hospital for any immediate complications and is given instructions on post-operative care, including diet and exercise guidelines.
  3. Patient undergoes regular follow-up appointments with their healthcare provider to monitor weight loss progress, nutritional status, and overall health.
  4. Patient experiences significant weight loss over time, leading to improvements in obesity-related health conditions.
  5. Patient may also experience potential complications or side effects of the surgery, such as nutrient deficiencies, dumping syndrome, or in this case, an increased risk of developing kidney stones.
  6. Patient may require additional medical interventions or lifestyle modifications to manage any post-operative complications or long-term health issues.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the potential risks and complications associated with obesity surgery, including the risk of developing kidney stones?

  2. How does obesity surgery impact the risk of developing kidney stones compared to other weight loss methods?

  3. What steps can I take to reduce my risk of developing kidney stones after undergoing obesity surgery?

  4. Are there any specific dietary or lifestyle changes I should make to prevent kidney stones after surgery?

  5. How often should I be monitored for kidney stones post-surgery, and what symptoms should I watch out for?

  6. Are there any medications or supplements that can help prevent kidney stones after weight loss surgery?

  7. What is the likelihood of needing additional medical interventions for kidney stones after obesity surgery?

  8. How does my pre-existing medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or hypertension, affect my risk of developing kidney stones after surgery?

  9. Are there any specific factors from my medical history that may increase my risk of kidney stones after obesity surgery?

  10. What is the overall long-term impact of obesity surgery on kidney health, and how can I best manage my kidney health post-surgery?

Reference

Authors: Laurenius A, Sundbom M, Ottosson J, Näslund E, Stenberg E. Journal: Obes Surg. 2023 May;33(5):1564-1570. doi: 10.1007/s11695-023-06561-y. Epub 2023 Mar 31. PMID: 37000381