Our Summary

This research paper is about how nerve damage can affect the ability of the vocal cords to contract, which is important for speech. The researchers used a special type of monitoring during surgery to look at how changes in nerve function (measured using electromyography, or EMG) relate to changes in vocal cord movement. They also developed a device that could be attached to the vocal cords to measure their movement in real-time. The study was conducted on six laryngeal nerves taken from four immature pigs.

The findings showed that as the nerve function decreased (as measured by EMG), the ability of the vocal cords to contract also decreased. This suggests that EMG could be a useful tool for detecting early signs of vocal cord dysfunction in the operating room. The research is important for understanding how nerve injuries can affect vocal cord function, and could potentially help improve surgical outcomes for patients undergoing procedures that could damage the laryngeal nerves.

FAQs

  1. How can nerve damage affect the ability of the vocal cords to contract and impact speech?
  2. How can electromyography (EMG) be used to detect early signs of vocal cord dysfunction during surgery?
  3. How could this research potentially improve surgical outcomes for patients undergoing procedures that could damage the laryngeal nerves?

Doctor’s Tip

A doctor may advise a patient undergoing vocal cord surgery to follow all post-operative care instructions carefully, including avoiding talking or whispering for a specified period of time to allow the vocal cords to heal properly. They may also recommend voice therapy to help improve vocal cord function and prevent further damage. Additionally, the doctor may suggest regular follow-up appointments to monitor vocal cord healing and function. It is important for patients to communicate any concerns or changes in their voice to their doctor promptly.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended vocal cord surgery include those with:

  1. Vocal cord paralysis or paresis: This can be caused by nerve damage, trauma, tumors, or other medical conditions. Surgery may be recommended to improve vocal cord function and restore voice quality.

  2. Vocal cord nodules or polyps: These benign growths on the vocal cords can affect voice quality and cause vocal fatigue. Surgery may be recommended to remove these growths and improve vocal function.

  3. Vocal cord cysts: Fluid-filled sacs on the vocal cords can cause hoarseness and difficulty speaking. Surgery may be recommended to remove the cysts and improve vocal function.

  4. Vocal cord cancer: Surgery may be recommended as part of the treatment plan for patients with vocal cord cancer. This may involve removing part or all of the vocal cords to remove the cancerous tissue.

  5. Reinke’s edema: This condition involves swelling of the vocal cords due to fluid buildup. Surgery may be recommended to remove excess tissue and improve vocal function.

  6. Vocal cord trauma: Surgery may be recommended to repair damage to the vocal cords caused by trauma, such as a laceration or injury from intubation.

  7. Voice disorders: Patients with chronic voice disorders, such as muscle tension dysphonia or spasmodic dysphonia, may benefit from vocal cord surgery to improve voice quality and reduce symptoms.

It is important for patients to undergo a thorough evaluation by a laryngologist or otolaryngologist to determine if vocal cord surgery is the appropriate treatment option for their specific condition.

Timeline

Timeline:

  1. Consultation with an otolaryngologist: The patient meets with a specialist to discuss their symptoms and determine if vocal cord surgery is necessary.

  2. Pre-operative testing: The patient undergoes various tests, such as laryngoscopy and imaging, to assess the condition of their vocal cords and determine the best course of action.

  3. Surgery preparation: The patient receives instructions on how to prepare for the surgery, including fasting guidelines and medication adjustments.

  4. Vocal cord surgery: The patient undergoes the surgical procedure, during which the surgeon repairs or adjusts the vocal cords to improve their function.

  5. Recovery period: The patient is monitored closely in the hospital post-surgery to ensure proper healing and to manage any pain or discomfort.

  6. Speech therapy: The patient may need to undergo speech therapy to help improve their vocal cord function and regain their ability to speak clearly.

  7. Follow-up appointments: The patient attends regular check-ups with their otolaryngologist to monitor their progress and address any concerns or complications that may arise.

Overall, the timeline for a patient before and after vocal cord surgery involves thorough evaluation, careful preparation, surgical intervention, and ongoing support to ensure a successful outcome and improved vocal function.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What specific type of vocal cord surgery is being recommended for me?

  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with this surgery?

  3. How experienced is the surgeon in performing this type of surgery?

  4. What is the expected recovery time and post-operative care plan for this surgery?

  5. How will my voice be affected by the surgery, and what are the potential long-term effects on my vocal cords?

  6. Will I need speech therapy or other rehabilitation after the surgery?

  7. How will nerve function be monitored during the surgery to ensure the safety of my vocal cords?

  8. What is the success rate of this surgery, and what factors can affect the outcome?

  9. Are there alternative treatment options available that do not involve surgery?

  10. How can I best prepare for the surgery, both physically and emotionally?

Reference

Authors: Dahle GO, Setså EJ, Svendsen ØS, Stangeland L, Heimdal JH, Henriksen B, Husby P, Brauckhoff K. Journal: Laryngoscope. 2020 Apr;130(4):1090-1096. doi: 10.1002/lary.28215. Epub 2019 Aug 2. PMID: 31373695