Our Summary

In simple terms, this research paper discusses the history and development of our understanding of the paranasal sinuses, which are the spaces within the bones of the nose and forehead. The study of these sinuses, known as sinusology, is based on the discovery that these sinuses produce a gas called nitric oxide (NO) and the theory of how they evolved and developed over time.

The paper explains that these sinuses likely developed as the bone marrow in certain facial bones retreated and was replaced by cavities filled with gas. This gas can escape into the nasal cavities through a small opening called the ostium.

The lining of the sinuses continuously produces NO, which is stored in these cavities and released in bursts when the ostium opens. This opening can be triggered by sound vibrations, such as humming or exposure to external sound vibrations.

NO acts as a messenger between the upper and lower parts of the respiratory system. It helps to reduce resistance in the blood vessels in the lungs and aids in the transfer of oxygen from the lungs to the blood. This role of NO may be important in activities like speaking and singing, or could be activated by natural snoring during sleep.

The paper concludes by stating that the study of the nose, known as rhinology, now incorporates the study of the sinuses, thanks to the understanding of how the sinuses evolved and their role in producing NO.

FAQs

  1. What is the role of nitric oxide in the paranasal sinuses?
  2. How do the paranasal sinuses develop?
  3. How does nitric oxide facilitate oxygen transfer into the bloodstream?

Doctor’s Tip

One helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about sinus surgery is to follow post-operative care instructions carefully, including keeping the nasal passages moist with saline sprays, avoiding blowing the nose forcefully, and taking any prescribed medications as directed. It’s also important to attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and address any concerns or complications that may arise.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended sinus surgery include those with chronic sinusitis that does not respond to other treatments such as antibiotics, nasal corticosteroids, and sinus rinses. Other conditions that may warrant sinus surgery include nasal polyps, deviated septum, sinus tumors, and recurring sinus infections. Additionally, patients with severe symptoms such as facial pain, pressure, headaches, and nasal congestion may also be candidates for sinus surgery. Ultimately, the decision to undergo sinus surgery is made on a case-by-case basis by an ENT specialist after thorough evaluation and consideration of the patient’s symptoms and medical history.

Timeline

Before sinus surgery, a patient may experience symptoms such as chronic sinusitis, nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, headaches, and difficulty breathing through the nose. They may also have undergone various treatments such as antibiotics, nasal steroid sprays, and sinus rinses to manage their symptoms.

After sinus surgery, the patient may experience temporary swelling, congestion, and mild discomfort in the nasal and sinus areas. They may also have nasal packing or splints in place to support the healing process. Over time, the patient should experience improved breathing, reduced sinus pressure, and a decrease in sinus infections. It may take several weeks to months for the full benefits of the surgery to be realized. Follow-up appointments with the surgeon will be necessary to monitor the healing process and ensure optimal results.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What specific type of sinus surgery do you recommend for my condition?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with sinus surgery?
  3. How long is the recovery process expected to be following sinus surgery?
  4. Will I need to take time off work or make any lifestyle changes after the surgery?
  5. What type of anesthesia will be used during the surgery?
  6. Will I need any follow-up appointments or post-operative care after the surgery?
  7. Are there any alternative treatments or procedures that could be considered instead of sinus surgery?
  8. What is the success rate of sinus surgery for my particular condition?
  9. How long do the results of sinus surgery typically last?
  10. Are there any specific precautions or steps I should take before the surgery to prepare myself?

Reference

Authors: Jankowski R, Nguyen DT, Poussel M, Chenuel B, Gallet P, Rumeau C. Journal: Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2016 Sep;133(4):263-8. doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2016.05.011. Epub 2016 Jul 1. PMID: 27378676