Our Summary

This research paper investigates the prevalence of swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) following thyroid surgery (thyroidectomy). The researchers reviewed various studies from PubMed, SciELO, and Cochrane Library databases.

The findings showed that swallowing issues are common after thyroid surgery and are often detected shortly after the operation. However, these problems generally decrease and return to pre-surgery levels within 2-3 months. In a smaller number of patients, swallowing issues continue even a year after the operation. The type of thyroid surgery (open or endoscopic) didn’t seem to make a significant difference in the occurrence of swallowing problems 2-3 months after surgery.

The study concludes that while swallowing difficulties after thyroid surgery are common, they may not always be detected through standard methods. Nonetheless, these issues should not be underestimated as they can negatively impact the patient’s quality of life.

FAQs

  1. How common are swallowing difficulties after thyroid surgery?
  2. Does the type of thyroid surgery (open or endoscopic) affect the occurrence of swallowing problems post-surgery?
  3. How long do swallowing difficulties usually last after thyroid surgery?

Doctor’s Tip

A helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about thyroidectomy is to be aware that swallowing difficulties can be a common side effect after surgery. It is important to follow up with your healthcare provider if you experience any persistent or worsening swallowing issues, as they may require further evaluation and treatment. Additionally, practicing good oral hygiene, staying hydrated, and consuming soft or liquid foods can help alleviate discomfort during the recovery period.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended for thyroidectomy include those with:

  1. Thyroid cancer: Thyroidectomy is often recommended for patients with thyroid cancer to remove the cancerous cells and prevent the spread of the disease.

  2. Large goiters: Thyroidectomy may be recommended for patients with large goiters that are causing symptoms such as difficulty breathing or swallowing.

  3. Hyperthyroidism: In some cases of hyperthyroidism that do not respond to other treatments, thyroidectomy may be recommended to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.

  4. Thyroid nodules: Thyroidectomy may be recommended for patients with thyroid nodules that are causing symptoms or are suspicious for cancer.

  5. Recurrent thyroid nodules: Patients with recurrent thyroid nodules may be recommended for thyroidectomy to prevent further growth or development of nodules.

  6. Graves’ disease: Thyroidectomy may be recommended for patients with Graves’ disease who do not respond to other treatments or who have severe symptoms.

  7. Family history of thyroid cancer: Patients with a family history of thyroid cancer may be recommended for thyroidectomy as a preventive measure.

It is important for patients to discuss their individual case with their healthcare provider to determine if thyroidectomy is the best treatment option for them.

Timeline

Before thyroidectomy:

  • Patient undergoes various tests and evaluations to determine the need for thyroid surgery
  • Patient discusses risks and benefits of surgery with their healthcare provider
  • Patient may need to make lifestyle changes or take medications to prepare for surgery
  • Surgery is scheduled and patient follows pre-operative instructions provided by their healthcare team

After thyroidectomy:

  • Patient may experience pain, discomfort, and swelling at the incision site
  • Patient may have difficulty swallowing or speaking due to swelling or damage to the vocal cords
  • Patient may need to take thyroid hormone replacement medication for the rest of their life
  • Patient will have follow-up appointments with their healthcare provider to monitor recovery and thyroid hormone levels
  • Swallowing difficulties may persist for a few months after surgery, but generally improve over time
  • Patient may need to make dietary modifications to accommodate swallowing issues
  • Long-term complications such as hypoparathyroidism or recurrent laryngeal nerve damage may occur in rare cases

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the potential risks and complications associated with thyroidectomy, including the risk of developing swallowing difficulties?

  2. How common are swallowing difficulties after thyroid surgery, and when can I expect them to improve or resolve?

  3. Are there any specific factors that may increase my risk of developing swallowing issues after thyroid surgery?

  4. What can I do to help alleviate or manage swallowing difficulties following thyroidectomy?

  5. Are there any specific exercises or therapies that can help improve my swallowing function after thyroid surgery?

  6. How long should I expect to experience swallowing difficulties after thyroidectomy, and when should I follow up with you if they persist?

  7. Are there any dietary or lifestyle changes I should consider to help improve my swallowing function post-thyroidectomy?

  8. Are there any medications or treatments that can help alleviate swallowing problems after thyroid surgery?

  9. Will I need any additional tests or evaluations to monitor my swallowing function after thyroid surgery?

  10. What is the likelihood of long-term or permanent swallowing difficulties after thyroidectomy, and what steps can be taken to address them if they occur?

Reference

Authors: Vardaxi C, Tsetsos N, Koliastasi A, Poutoglidis A, Sapalidis K, Triaridis S, Printza A. Journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Sep;279(9):4213-4227. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07386-8. Epub 2022 Apr 19. PMID: 35438344