Our Summary

This research paper explains that over the past several decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has continued to rise worldwide, making thyroid surgery one of the most common surgical procedures. As society and the economy continue to develop, endoscopic thyroid surgery (ETS) is becoming increasingly popular among patients. The paper reviews the choice of endoscopic thyroid access routes based on related literature and the author’s own experience.

FAQs

  1. What is the trend in the incidence of thyroid cancer globally over the past few decades?
  2. What is endoscopic thyroid surgery (ETS) and why is it becoming more popular?
  3. What factors should be considered in choosing the approach for endoscopic thyroid surgery?

Doctor’s Tip

A helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about thyroidectomy is to follow post-operative care instructions closely, including taking prescribed medications as directed, attending follow-up appointments, and monitoring for any signs of infection or complications. It is also important to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle to support thyroid function and overall recovery. Additionally, the doctor may recommend regular thyroid hormone replacement therapy if the entire thyroid gland is removed during the surgery.

Suitable For

Thyroidectomy is typically recommended for patients with the following conditions:

  1. Thyroid cancer: This is the most common reason for thyroidectomy. If the cancer is confined to the thyroid gland, removing it can often cure the cancer.

  2. Goiter: A noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid, also known as a goiter, may be removed if it is causing symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or breathing.

  3. Hyperthyroidism: If a patient has an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) that cannot be controlled with medications or radioactive iodine treatment, thyroidectomy may be recommended.

  4. Thyroid nodules: Nodules are abnormal growths or lumps in the thyroid gland. Most are benign, but they can be cancerous. A thyroidectomy may be performed to remove the nodules.

  5. Graves’ disease: This is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid to produce too much thyroid hormone. If other treatments are not effective, a thyroidectomy may be performed.

  6. Hashimoto’s disease: This is an autoimmune disorder that can cause hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid. If the condition is causing significant symptoms, a thyroidectomy may be recommended.

The type of thyroidectomy (partial or total) performed depends on the specific condition and the patient’s overall health.

Timeline

Before thyroidectomy:

  • Patient may experience symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, fatigue, weight gain, or a visible lump in the neck.
  • Patient will undergo diagnostic tests such as blood tests, ultrasound, and possibly a biopsy to confirm the need for surgery.
  • Patient will meet with an endocrinologist and a surgeon to discuss the procedure, risks, and benefits.

After thyroidectomy:

  • Patient will undergo the surgery, which can be done through a traditional open approach or minimally invasive techniques such as endoscopic thyroid surgery.
  • Recovery time can vary but typically includes a hospital stay for monitoring and pain management.
  • Patient will need to take thyroid hormone replacement medication for the rest of their life to maintain hormone levels.
  • Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor hormone levels, check for any complications, and adjust medication as needed.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  • What are the risks and benefits of undergoing a thyroidectomy?
  • What type of thyroidectomy procedure will be performed (conventional vs. minimally invasive)?
  • What is the expected recovery time after the surgery?
  • What are the potential complications associated with thyroid surgery?
  • Will there be any changes in hormone levels or medication requirements after the surgery?
  • How will the surgery impact my voice or swallowing function?
  • Are there any long-term effects or considerations to be aware of after thyroidectomy?
  • What is the success rate of thyroidectomy in treating thyroid conditions or cancer?
  • What follow-up care or monitoring will be necessary after the surgery?
  • Are there any alternative treatment options to consider before proceeding with thyroidectomy?

Reference

Authors: Wang P, Ma JJ, Xie QP. Journal: Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2023 Sep 7;58(9):926-929. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20221228-00777. PMID: 37675534