Our Summary

This study is about a link between rectal prolapse (where the rectum falls down and comes out of the anus) and colorectal cancer (cancer of the colon or rectum). The researchers looked at case reports where the first symptom of colorectal cancer was rectal prolapse. They found 31 cases that matched these criteria. Over half of these patients were women aged 65 or older. The most common cancer locations were the rectum and the junction between the rectum and the sigmoid colon (the last part of the colon). Common symptoms that these patients had were rectal bleeding and constipation. Most of these cases were reported in or after 2015. The researchers conclude that rectal prolapse can be a first sign of colorectal cancer, especially in women over 65. Because the number of these cases seems to be increasing, doctors should be more aware of this link and investigate further when older patients present with rectal prolapse, especially if they don’t have other risk factors for cancer.

FAQs

  1. What is the link between rectal prolapse and colorectal cancer as found in the study?
  2. What were the most common symptoms of colorectal cancer in patients who first presented with rectal prolapse?
  3. Why should doctors be more vigilant when older patients present with rectal prolapse according to the research?

Doctor’s Tip

A doctor might tell a patient undergoing rectal prolapse surgery to follow post-operative care instructions carefully, including avoiding heavy lifting and strenuous activity for a certain period of time, eating a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation, and keeping the surgical area clean to prevent infection. It’s important to attend follow-up appointments and inform the doctor of any unusual symptoms or changes in bowel habits. It’s also important to maintain regular screenings for colorectal cancer, especially for older patients or those with a family history of the disease.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended rectal prolapse surgery are those who have tried conservative treatments such as dietary changes, pelvic floor exercises, and medications without success. Surgery is usually recommended for patients who have severe symptoms such as chronic fecal incontinence, inability to control bowel movements, or significant discomfort and pain. Additionally, patients who have recurrent or complicated rectal prolapse, such as those with associated rectal bleeding or ulceration, may also be candidates for surgery. It is important for patients to discuss their specific symptoms and medical history with a healthcare provider to determine if rectal prolapse surgery is the best treatment option for them.

Timeline

Before rectal prolapse surgery:

  1. Patient may experience symptoms such as rectal prolapse, rectal bleeding, constipation, and discomfort.
  2. Patient may undergo diagnostic tests such as a physical examination, colonoscopy, and imaging studies to confirm the diagnosis.
  3. Patient may undergo conservative treatments such as dietary changes, pelvic floor exercises, and medications to manage symptoms.

After rectal prolapse surgery:

  1. Patient undergoes rectal prolapse surgery to repair the prolapse and restore normal anatomy.
  2. Patient may experience post-operative pain, discomfort, and swelling in the surgical area.
  3. Patient may need to follow a special diet, take medications, and avoid strenuous activities during the recovery period.
  4. Patient may need to attend follow-up appointments with their healthcare provider to monitor their recovery and address any complications.
  5. Patient may experience improvements in symptoms such as rectal prolapse, rectal bleeding, and constipation following surgery.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the potential risks and complications associated with rectal prolapse surgery?
  2. What is the success rate of the surgery in treating rectal prolapse?
  3. How long is the recovery process after rectal prolapse surgery?
  4. Are there any alternative treatment options for rectal prolapse besides surgery?
  5. How often will follow-up appointments be needed after the surgery?
  6. Are there any lifestyle changes or precautions that should be taken after the surgery to prevent recurrence of rectal prolapse?
  7. Is there a risk of developing colorectal cancer after undergoing rectal prolapse surgery?
  8. What symptoms should I watch for that may indicate a potential complication after the surgery?
  9. Will there be any dietary restrictions or changes needed after the surgery?
  10. How experienced are you in performing rectal prolapse surgery and what is your success rate with this procedure?

Reference

Authors: Shahabi F, Abdollahi A, Zarif-Sadeghian M, Ziyaie D, Rahimpour E, Ansari M, Davoudi-Monfared E. Journal: BMC Cancer. 2025 Mar 27;25(1):553. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-13924-4. PMID: 40148836