Our Summary

This study investigates how different surgical methods used in cardiovascular research can impact the heart and lungs. Invasive procedures, like inserting instruments into the body, can be done either by opening the chest or without opening the chest. There’s currently no general agreement about which method is best.

To explore this, the researchers used pigs as a model. They put the pigs to sleep, ventilated them artificially, and monitored their heart function. They then compared the results before and after performing two types of open-chest surgery.

The findings showed that opening the chest lowered the average pressures in the body’s overall circulatory system and in the lungs. The function of the left ventricle, one of the heart’s main pumping chambers, improved. However, there were no changes observed in the function of the right ventricle.

The researchers conclude that the choice between open- and closed-chest methods can lead to significant differences in important measurements related to heart and lung function. They urge researchers to carefully choose the most suitable method for their studies to ensure accuracy and consistency in cardiovascular research.

FAQs

  1. What are the two types of surgical methods used in cardiovascular research and how do they impact the heart and lungs?
  2. What were the findings of the study regarding the impact of open-chest surgery on the body’s overall circulatory system and the lungs?
  3. What is the significance of choosing between open- and closed-chest methods in cardiovascular research?

Doctor’s Tip

A doctor might advise a patient undergoing sternotomy to follow post-operative care instructions carefully to promote proper healing and reduce the risk of complications. This may include avoiding heavy lifting, following a prescribed medication regimen, attending follow-up appointments, and gradually increasing physical activity as advised by their healthcare provider.

Suitable For

Patients who are recommended sternotomy typically have conditions that require access to the heart or major blood vessels in the chest cavity. This can include patients undergoing cardiac surgery, such as coronary artery bypass grafting, heart valve repair or replacement, or aortic surgery. Sternotomy is also commonly used in patients requiring surgery for congenital heart defects or for implantation of cardiac devices, such as pacemakers or defibrillators. Additionally, sternotomy may be recommended for patients with certain types of thoracic or vascular conditions that require surgical intervention.

Timeline

Before sternotomy:

  • The patient is prepared for surgery, which may involve fasting and receiving medications to help with anxiety and pain.
  • Anesthesia is administered to induce unconsciousness and prevent pain during the procedure.
  • The patient is positioned on the operating table and connected to monitoring devices to track vital signs.
  • The surgeon makes an incision in the chest and separates the breastbone to access the heart.
  • The sternum is then closed and secured with wires or sutures.
  • The patient is transferred to the recovery room for monitoring and pain management.

After sternotomy:

  • The patient remains in the intensive care unit for close monitoring of vital signs and recovery.
  • Pain management medications are administered to help with discomfort from the incision.
  • Physical therapy may be initiated to help the patient regain strength and mobility.
  • The patient is gradually weaned off of mechanical ventilation and encouraged to breathe on their own.
  • Follow-up appointments with the surgeon and cardiologist are scheduled to monitor recovery progress and address any concerns.

Overall, the recovery process after sternotomy can vary depending on the individual patient’s health status and the complexity of the surgery. It is important for patients to follow their healthcare provider’s instructions for post-operative care to ensure a smooth recovery and optimal outcomes.

What to Ask Your Doctor

Some questions a patient may want to ask their doctor about sternotomy include:

  1. What is sternotomy and why is it necessary for my procedure?
  2. What are the potential risks and complications associated with sternotomy?
  3. How will sternotomy affect my recovery time and overall recovery process?
  4. Are there any alternative methods to sternotomy that could be considered for my procedure?
  5. How will sternotomy impact my heart and lung function during and after the procedure?
  6. Will I have any limitations or restrictions in my daily activities following sternotomy?
  7. How can I best prepare for sternotomy and optimize my recovery outcomes?
  8. Are there any long-term effects or complications I should be aware of after undergoing sternotomy?
  9. Will I require any additional follow-up appointments or tests to monitor my heart and lung function post-sternotomy?
  10. Are there any specific lifestyle changes or precautions I should take after undergoing sternotomy?

Reference

Authors: Kirk ME, Merit VT, Moeslund N, Dragsbaek SJ, Hansen JV, Andersen A, Lyhne MD. Journal: Exp Physiol. 2023 May;108(5):762-771. doi: 10.1113/EP090919. Epub 2023 Mar 9. PMID: 36892095