Our Summary

This study looked at the oral health complications that can occur after a heart transplant. After reviewing a number of articles, the researchers found that patients who had a heart transplant were more likely to experience overgrown gums (gingival hyperplasia), gum disease, fungal infections (like thrush caused by Candida), and oral cancer. This is likely due to the fact that these patients have to take medication to stop their bodies from rejecting the new heart, which can weaken their immune system. The researchers didn’t find a clear link between heart transplants and tooth decay. They recommend that people who have had a heart transplant should have regular check-ups and professional teeth cleanings to help manage these risks.

FAQs

  1. What oral health complications are heart transplant patients more likely to experience?
  2. Why are heart transplant patients more susceptible to oral health complications?
  3. Are heart transplant patients more likely to experience tooth decay?

Doctor’s Tip

Additionally, it is important for patients who have had a heart transplant to maintain good oral hygiene at home by brushing and flossing regularly. They should also be mindful of their diet, avoiding sugary and acidic foods and beverages that can contribute to oral health issues. It is also important for patients to inform their dentist about their heart transplant and any medications they are taking to ensure proper care and monitoring of their oral health.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended for a heart transplant are those who have end-stage heart failure, have exhausted all other treatment options, and have a good chance of surviving the surgery and post-transplant recovery. This includes patients with conditions such as coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart defects, and certain heart valve diseases. Patients must also meet certain criteria such as being in good overall health, having a strong support system, and being compliant with medical treatment and follow-up care.

Timeline

Before a heart transplant, a patient may experience symptoms of heart failure such as shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and abdomen, and chest pain. They may undergo various tests and evaluations to determine if they are a candidate for a heart transplant.

After a heart transplant, the patient will undergo intensive monitoring and care in the hospital to ensure the new heart is functioning properly and to prevent rejection. They will need to take immunosuppressive medications to prevent rejection, which can lead to complications such as overgrown gums, gum disease, fungal infections, and oral cancer.

Patients will need to attend regular follow-up appointments with their healthcare team to monitor their heart function, adjust medications, and address any complications that may arise. They will also need to make lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption to support their new heart.

Overall, the patient will experience a significant improvement in their quality of life after a heart transplant, but they will need to be vigilant about managing their oral health and overall health to ensure the success of the transplant.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the potential oral health complications that can occur after a heart transplant?
  2. How can I prevent or manage these oral health complications?
  3. Are there any specific oral care routines or products that I should be using post-transplant?
  4. How often should I schedule dental check-ups and cleanings?
  5. Are there any medications that can help prevent oral health issues after a heart transplant?
  6. Are there any symptoms or warning signs I should watch out for in terms of oral health complications?
  7. Should I avoid any specific foods or habits that could worsen my oral health after a heart transplant?
  8. Are there any additional resources or support groups available for heart transplant patients to learn more about oral health care post-transplant?

Reference

Authors: Gruter MO, Brand HS. Journal: Br Dent J. 2020 Feb;228(3):177-182. doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1244-0. PMID: 32060460