Our Summary

This research paper talks about the lack of diversity, specifically in terms of gender and race, in the field of cardiac surgery in Canada. Despite attempts to increase diversity, the number of women and people from racial minority groups in this field has remained low for years. This not only affects the recruitment of future trainees but also the quality of care provided to patients.

Recently, some formal programs have been put in place to support students at different stages of their training. For example, in 2022, the Canadian Society for Cardiac Surgery released an official statement outlining their plans to create a more equal and diverse working environment.

In addition to this, the University of Toronto has introduced a program to encourage high school students from low-income families, women, and racial minorities to consider a career in cardiac surgery. This program offers mentorship and hands-on experience in the field. The University also provides scholarships for women, as well as Black and Indigenous medical students, to conduct summer research with cardiac surgeons.

In conclusion, efforts are being made to increase diversity in the field of cardiac surgery in Canada. The focus is on high school, undergraduate, and medical students. The hope is that by identifying and addressing the gaps and obstacles in the current system, these interventions can be improved and applied more broadly across the country.

FAQs

  1. Why is there a lack of diversity in the field of cardiac surgery in Canada?
  2. What initiatives have been implemented by the Canadian Society for Cardiac Surgery to promote diversity and inclusion?
  3. What specific programs has the University of Toronto implemented to encourage women and racial minorities to pursue cardiac surgery?

Doctor’s Tip

A helpful tip a doctor might tell a patient about cardiac surgery is to follow post-operative care instructions carefully, including taking prescribed medications, attending follow-up appointments, and participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs to aid in recovery and improve long-term outcomes. It is important to communicate openly with your healthcare team about any concerns or symptoms you may experience during the recovery process.

Suitable For

Patients who are typically recommended cardiac surgery include those with significant coronary artery disease, heart valve disorders, congenital heart defects, and other serious heart conditions that cannot be effectively managed with medication or less invasive procedures. Additionally, patients who have experienced a heart attack or other cardiac events may also be candidates for cardiac surgery. The decision to recommend cardiac surgery is based on a thorough evaluation of the patient’s medical history, symptoms, and overall health, as well as the risks and benefits of the surgical procedure.

Timeline

Before cardiac surgery:

  1. Patient is diagnosed with a heart condition that requires surgical intervention.
  2. Patient undergoes pre-operative testing and evaluation to assess their overall health and suitability for surgery.
  3. Patient meets with the cardiac surgeon to discuss the procedure, risks, and expectations.
  4. Patient may undergo additional consultations with other specialists, such as an anesthesiologist or cardiologist.
  5. Patient may need to make lifestyle changes or take medications to prepare for surgery.

After cardiac surgery:

  1. Patient is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) immediately after surgery for monitoring and recovery.
  2. Patient is gradually weaned off the ventilator and other supportive measures as they regain consciousness.
  3. Patient may experience pain and discomfort at the surgical site, which is managed with medication.
  4. Patient begins physical therapy and rehabilitation to regain strength and mobility.
  5. Patient is discharged from the hospital once they are stable and able to care for themselves at home.
  6. Patient continues to follow up with their cardiac surgeon and cardiologist for post-operative care and monitoring.

What to Ask Your Doctor

  1. What are the potential risks and complications associated with the specific cardiac surgery I need?

  2. How experienced are you in performing this type of cardiac surgery?

  3. What is the expected recovery time and process after the surgery?

  4. Will I need any additional treatments or medications after the surgery?

  5. How will my ongoing cardiac care be managed after the surgery?

  6. Are there any alternative treatment options available for my condition?

  7. What is the success rate of this type of cardiac surgery?

  8. How will my quality of life be impacted after the surgery?

  9. Are there any lifestyle changes I should make before or after the surgery to improve outcomes?

  10. Can you provide information about the support services available for cardiac surgery patients, such as counseling or rehabilitation programs?

Reference

Authors: Elfaki LA, Groenewoud R, Nwakoby A, Zubair A, Verma R, Yanagawa B. Journal: Curr Opin Cardiol. 2024 Jan 1;39(1):68-71. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000001101. Epub 2023 Nov 7. PMID: 37934715